Jhuma Sadhukhan

University of Surrey

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Elías Martínez-Hernández

Mexican Institute of Petroleum

Kok Siew Ng

University of Oxford

Siddharth Gadkari

University of Surrey

Grant M. Campbell

University of Huddersfield

Richard Murphy

University of Surrey

Jorge Aburto

Mexican Institute of Petroleum

Aidong Yang

University of Oxford

Eileen Hao Yu

Loughborough University

Mobolaji Shemfe

University of Surrey

Nan Zhang

University of Manchester

Cooperative Institutions

University of Surrey

University of Manchester

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research

Newcastle University

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

Wuhan University

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mexican Institute of Petroleum

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Imperial College London

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Cleaner technology evolutions for refineries

Jhuma Sadhukhan HJ Simons

It was established that olefin cracker and gasification technologies provide solutions to today's refineries by marketing unwanted, heavy, high sulfur, TAN materials though environmentally benign, highly valuable productions. To a refinery, these technologies offer reaction operations like hydrocracking, catalytic reforming etc. However, they convert the various fractions of oils including heavy, high sulfur, TAN oils to more valuable primary petrochemicals, hydrogen, power, and energy. Due to high investment and maintenance costs of these two processes their applications are limited to refineries. However, in recent years when the environmental legislations on fuel qualities and emissions demand a complete disposal of bottom fractions into sustainable products, while ensuring a steady economic gain, integration of these two technologies to refineries seems to be the most promising option. Economic justification is achieved in the following ways. A high valued product slate consisting of polymer grade olefins (ethylene, propylene), hydrogen, transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel), power and energy with significantly lower emissions is resulted from complete bottom of barrel disposal. No heavy products, fuel oils, residues are produced having lower value than crude oils. Today's refinery should ideally employ a limited number of selective technologies: crude distillation, hydrotreating, olefin cracking, resid processing (e.g. solvent deasphalting, delayed coking), integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). Use of advanced process integration tools and development of process technologies particularly in the areas of olefin cracking, IGCC offer additional prospects of economic growth in refineries. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 7th World Congress of Chemical Engineering (Glasgow, Scotland 7/10-14/2005).

Refinery

Petrochemical

Refining (metallurgy)

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Heat Integration Strategy for Economic Production of Combined Heat and Power from Biomass Waste

Energy & Fuels (2009)

Jhuma Sadhukhan Kok Siew Ng Nilay Shah Howard J. Simons

The objective of this work was to design a heat integrated, cost-effective, and cleaner combined heat and power (CHP) generation plant from low-cost, fourth-generation biomass waste feedstocks. The novelty lies in the development of systematic sitewide heat recovery and integration strategies among biomass integrated gasification combined cycle processes so as to offset the low heating value of the biomass waste feedstocks. For the biomass waste based CHP plant technical and economic analysis, the process was based on low-cost agricultural wastes like straws as the biomass feedstock and further established for a more predominant biomass feedstock, wood. The process was modeled using the Aspen simulator. Three conceptual flowsheets were proposed, based on the integration of the flue gas from the char combustor, which was separately carried out from the steam gasification of biomass volatalized gases and tars, and carbon dioxide removal strategies. The cost of energy production included detailed levelized discounted cash flow analysis and was found to be strongly influenced by the cost of feedstock. On the basis of a combined energy generation of ∼340−370 MW using straw wastes priced at 35.3 £/t or 40 Euro/t, with 8.5% and 8.61% by mass moisture and ash contents, respectively, the cost of electricity generation was 4.59 and 5.14 p/(kW h) for the cases without and with carbon capture respectively, with a 10% internal rate of return and 25 years of plant life. On the basis of the carbon capture value assigned by the Carbon Credits Trading scheme, a much constrained viable price of 22 £/t of such agricultural waste feedstocks for CHP generation was obtained, while up to 60 £/t of waste feedstocks can be economically viable under the UK Climate Change Levy, respectively.

Heat of combustion

10.1021/ef900472s

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Simulation process of biodiesel production over heterogeneous catalysts

Ming Xu Karen Wilson Jhuma Sadhukhan

Biodiesel production is a very promising area due to the relevance that it is an environmental-friendly diesel fuel alternative to fossil fuel derived diesel fuels. Nowadays, most industrial applications of biodiesel production are performed by the transesterification of renewable biological sources based on homogeneous acid catalysts, which requires downstream neutralization and separation leading to a series of technical and environmental problems. However, heterogeneous catalyst can solve these issues, and be used as a better alternative for biodiesel production. Thus, a heuristic diffusion-reaction kinetic model has been established to simulate the transesterification of alkyl ester with methanol over a series of heterogeneous Cs-doped heteropolyacid catalysts. The novelty of this framework lies in detailed modeling of surface reacting kinetic phenomena and integrating that with particle-level transport phenomena all the way through to process design and optimisation, which has been done for biodiesel production process for the first time. This multi-disciplinary research combining chemistry, chemical engineering and process integration offers better insights into catalyst design and process intensification for the industrial application of Cs-doped heteropolyacid catalysts for biodiesel production. A case study of the transesterification of tributyrin with methanol has been demonstrated to establish the effectiveness of this methodology.

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Understanding the interdependence of operating parameters in microbial electrosynthesis: a numerical investigation

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2019)

Siddharth Gadkari Mobolaji Shemfe J. Annie Modestra S. Venkata Mohan Jhuma Sadhukhan

This study describes and evaluates a dynamic computational model for a two chamber microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system. The analysis is based on redox mediators and a two population model, describing bioelectrochemical kinetics at both anode and cathode. Mass transfer rates of the substrate and bacteria in the two chambers are combined with the kinetics and Ohm's law to derive an expression for the cell current density. The effect of operational parameters such as initial substrate concentration at the anode and cathode and the operation cycle time on MES performance is evaluated in terms of product formation rate, substrate consumption and coulombic efficiency (CE). For a fixed operation cycle time of 3 or 4 days, the anode and cathode initial substrate concentrations show linear relationship with product formation rate; however MES operation with a 2 day cycle time shows a more complex behaviour, with acetic acid production rates reaching a plateau and even a slight decrease at higher concentrations of the two substrates. It is also shown that there is a trade-off between product formation rate and substrate consumption and CE. MES performance for operation with cycle time being controlled by substrate consumption is also described. Results from the analysis demonstrate the interdependence of the system parameters and highlight the importance of multi-objective system optimization based on targeted end-use.

Electrosynthesis

10.1039/c9cp01288e

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A flowsheet design methodology for the decarbonised energy systems via hydrogen from hydrocarbons

Yaqi Lou Abdul Hannan Jhuma Sadhukhan

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Effects of residence time on life cycle assessment of bioenergy production from dairy manure

Bioresource Technology Reports (2018)

Raja Chowdhury Jhuma Sadhukhan Marzia Traverso Patricia L. Keen

10.1016/j.biteb.2018.08.011

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Citations (11)

Special issue: Sustainable availability and utilisation of wastes

Sustainable Production and Consumption (2017)

Jhuma Sadhukhan

10.1016/j.spc.2017.01.002

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Sustainability Assessment of Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) Production from Glycerol: A Comparative Study between Biological and Catalytic Oxidation Routes

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (2023)

Piyawan Thanahiranya Jhuma Sadhukhan Pongtorn Charoensuppanimit Apinan Soottitantawat Amornchai Arpornwichanop

Excessive glycerol obtained as a byproduct of biodiesel plants has been utilized increasingly as a versatile feedstock in biorefineries. Since the purchase cost of refined glycerol is more costly than crude glycerol, value-added chemicals such as dihydroxyacetone (DHA) should be produced from crude glycerol. Previously, a variety of naturally occurring microorganisms were proven capable of consuming crude glycerol, making microbial conversion more effective than the other approaches. This novel study, for the first time, simulates glycerol-based DHA production via microbial fermentation. The effects of carbon source types and glycerol types on DHA productivity are investigated. Simulated processes of DHA production are evaluated in terms of glycerol utilization, energy consumption, and economic and environmental aspects. This study reveals that the utilization of crude glycerol as the raw material can lead to the efficient production of DHA. The heat integration is also investigated in this work, which increases the total energy savings by 52–58%─the best production scenario yields an NPV of 656 million USD, a % IRR of 148.4%, and a payout period of 1.75 years. In addition, it is found that the microbial fermentation route is more cost-effective and less harmful to the environment than the catalytic oxidation route.

Dihydroxyacetone

10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05354

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Perspectives on “Game Changer” Global Challenges for Sustainable 21st Century: Plant-Based Diet, Unavoidable Food Waste Biorefining, and Circular Economy

Sustainability (2020)

Jhuma Sadhukhan Thomas I. J. Dugmore Avtar S. Matharu Elías Martínez-Hernández Jorge Aburto

Planet Earth is under severe stress from several inter-linked factors mainly associated with rising global population, linear resource consumption, security of resources, unsurmountable waste generation, and social inequality, which unabated will lead to an unsustainable 21st Century. The traditional way products are designed promotes a linear economy that discards recoverable resources and creates negative environmental and social impacts. Here, we suggest multi-disciplinary approaches encompassing chemistry, process engineering and sustainability science, and sustainable solutions in “game changer” challenges in three intersecting arenas of food: Sustainable diet, valorisation of unavoidable food supply chain wastes, and circularity of food value chain systems aligning with the United Nations’ seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. In the arena of sustainable diet, comprehensive life cycle assessment using the global life cycle inventory datasets and recommended daily servings is conducted to rank food choices, covering all food groups from fresh fruits/vegetables, lentils/pulses and grains to livestock, with regard to health and the environment, to emphasise the essence of plant-based diet, especially plant-based sources of protein, for holistic systemic sustainability and stability of the earth system. In the arena of unavoidable food supply chain wastes, economically feasible and synergistically (energy and material) integrated innovative biorefinery systems are suggested to transform unavoidable food waste into functional and platform chemical productions alongside energy vectors: Fuel or combined heat and power generation. In the arena of circularity of food value chain systems, novel materials and methods for plant-based protein functionalisation for food/nutraceutical applications are investigated using regenerative bio-surfactants from unavoidable food waste. This circular economy or industrial symbiosis example thus combines the other two arenas, i.e., plant-based protein sourcing and unavoidable food waste valorisation. The multi-disciplinary analysis here will eventually impact on policies for dietary change, but also contribute knowledge needed by industry and policy makers and raise awareness amongst the population at large for making a better approach to the circular economy of food.

Food Waste

Circular Economy

10.3390/su12051976

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Citations (103)

Two-dimensional mathematical model of an air-cathode microbial fuel cell with graphite fiber brush anode

Journal of Power Sources (2019)

Siddharth Gadkari Sai Gu Jhuma Sadhukhan

A two-dimensional mathematical model has been developed for characterizing and predicting the dynamic performance of an air-cathode MFC with graphite fiber brush used as anode. The charge transfer kinetics are coupled to the mass balance at both electrodes considering the brush anode as a porous matrix. The model has been used to study the effect of design (electrode spacing and anode size) as well as operational (substrate concentration) parameters on the MFC performance. Two-dimensional dynamic simulation allows visual representation of the local overpotential, current density and reaction rates in the brush anode and helps in understanding how these factors impact the overall MFC performance. The numerical results show that while decreasing electrode spacing and increasing initial substrate concentration both have a positive influence on power density of the MFC, reducing anode size does not affect MFC performance till almost 60 % brush material has been removed. The proposed mathematical model can help guide experimental/pilot/industrial scale protocols for optimal performance.

Overpotential

Current collector

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227145

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Citations (35)