Carlos García‐Resúa

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

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Eva Yebra‐Pimentel

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

María J. Giráldez

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Hugo Pena‐Verdeal

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Jacobo García-Queiruga

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Belén Sabucedo-Villamarin

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Madalena Lira

University of Minho

N. Barreira

Universidade da Coruña

A. Mosquera

Clayton Sleep Institute

Manuel G. Penedo

Universidade da Coruña

Beatriz Remeseiro

Universidad de Oviedo

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Universidade da Coruña

University of Minho

Aston University

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Ministry of Science

Universitat de València

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago

Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña

American Academy of Optometry

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Effect of the silicone hydrogel contact lenses on iop measurement

Revista española de contactología (2007)

Carlos García‐Resúa María J. Giráldez Serrano Montero Eva Yebra‐Pimentel

espanolObjetivo: Las lentes de contacto de silicona hidrogel (LCSH) se vienen utilizando como lentes de contacto terapeuticas (LCT) que tienen que permanecer en el ojo durante largos periodos de tiempo. Entre tanto, puede ocurrir que los pacientes requieran una medida de presion intraocular (PIO) pero no convenga retirar las lentes. Aunque existen estudios que evaluan las medidas de PIO a traves de LC hidrofilicas convencionales, son escasos con las LCSH. Por ello, el proposito del estudio ha sido determinar la precision de las medidas de presion intraocular (PIO) a traves de LCHS de Lotrafilcon A. Material y metodos: El estudio se llevo a cabo sobre 20 sujetos sanos (10 varones y 10 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 22 y 34 anos. A cada paciente se le tomo la PIO del OD con el tonometro de aplanacion de Perkins y con el tonometro Tono-Pen XL® sin LC y, posteriormente, con LCSH Lotrafilcon A. Cuando se determino la PIO sin LC se siguio el procedimiento estandar (anestesico y fluoresceina para el Perkins, y anestesico para el Tono-Pen XL®), mientras que cuando se determino con LC se evito el uso de anestesico con ambos tonometros, y en el caso del Perkins tampoco se uso fluoresceina. Se analizo la hipotesis nula por medio de la prueba-t y se calcularon los limites del 95% de confianza (IC95%). Resultados: No se obtuvieron diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre las medidas de PIO tomadas con y sin LC para ambos tonometros (prueba-t; Perkins p = 0,23, Tono-Pen p = 0,17). Los IC95% para el Perkins (sin LC - con LC) fueron de -3,33 mmHg a +4,43 mmHg, mientras que para el Tono-Pen (sin LC - con LC) fueron de -4,26 mmHg a +3,06 mmHg. El 85% de las diferencias se encontraban dentro del rango de ± 3 mmHg para el Perkins, mientras que para el Tono-Pen el 95% se encontraba dentro del rango de ± 3 mmHg. Conclusiones: Las medidas de PIO a traves de LC Lotrafilcon A demostraron ser fiables y ofrecer una alternativa util para los usuarios que no puedan retirar las LC por un tratamiento terapeutico en los que sea necesario medir la PIO. Sin embargo, son necesarios mas estudios para evaluar estas hipotesis en hipertensos oculares. EnglishPurpose: Silicone hydrogel contact lenses (SHCL) have been used as therapeutic contact lenses (TCL) that have to remain on the eye during long time. Those patients may request an intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, but it is not desirable to remove the CL. Although there are many reports that evaluate IOP measurements through conventional hydrogel CL, few reports have been published according SHCL. So, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of IOP measurements through SHCL lotrafilcon A. Material and methods: 20 healthy subjects (10 men and 10 female) of age between 22 and 34 years were enrolled in the study. Right eye (RE) of each patient was measured by the Perkins aplanation tonometer and the Tono-Pen XL® without CL and then with SHCL lotrafilcon A. Conventional procedure was performed when IOP was determined without CL (fluorescein and anaesthesia for Perkins, and anaesthesia for Tono-Pen XL®), whereas when IOP was measured with CL anaesthesia was avoided for both tonometers, together with fluorescein for Perkins measuremts. Zero hypothesis was evaluated by paired-t test, and 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) were calculated. Results: No statistical significant differences were found between IOP measurements obtained with CL and without CL for both tonometers (paired-t test; Perkins p = 0.23, Tono-Pen p = 0,17). 95%LoA for Perkins (without CL – with CL) ranged from -3.33 mmHg to +4,43 mmHg, whereas Tono-Pen 95%LoA (without CL – with CL) were from -4.26 mmHg to +3.06 mmHg. 85% of differences were within ± 3 mmHg for Perkins, whereas 95% Tono-Pen differences were within ± 3 mmHg. Conclusions: IOP measurements trough lotrafilcon A CL are accurate and offer an useful alternative to those users who are not allowed to remove the CL for therapeutic treatments and a measurement of IOP is necessary. However, future studies are necessary in order to check theses hypotheses on a population with ocular hypertension.

Silicone hydrogel

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Interobserver and intraobserver repeatability of lipid layer pattern evaluation by two experienced observers

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye (2014)

Carlos García‐Resúa Hugo Pena‐Verdeal Mercedes Miñones María J. Giráldez Eva Yebra‐Pimentel

Repeatability

Kappa

Cohen's kappa

10.1016/j.clae.2014.07.006

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Infección ocular y lentes de contacto. Factores de riesgo y prevención

Revista española de contactología (2006)

Manuel A. Parafita-Mato Javier González Jorge Gilino Paz Carlos García‐Resúa

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Contact Lens Hydrophobicity and Roughness Effects on Bacterial Adhesion

Optometry and Vision Science (2010)

María J. Giráldez Carlos García‐Resúa Madalena Lira M. Elisabete C.D. Real Oliveira Beatríz Magariños

This study was designed to assess whether hydrogel contact lens (CL) surface hydrophobicity and roughness affect Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion.Bacterial adhesion experiments were performed on two unworn silicone hydrogel and three unworn conventional hydrogel CLs using the S.epidermidis strain CECT 4184. Microbial colonization was assessed by conducting counts expressed as colony-forming units. CL hydrophobicity was determined through water contact angle measurements and the roughness parameters such as mean surface roughness (Ra), kurtosis (Rku), and skewness (Rsk) were determined through atomic force microscopy in Tapping Mode.The conventional CLs showed similar water contact angles (p > 0.05) and were classified as hydrophilic. The silicone hydrogel CLs yielded hydrophobic contact angles with no significant differences between them (p > 0.05). The lenses with the highest (nelfilcon A and ocufilcon B) or lowest (comfilcon A and omafilcon A) Ra values displayed a lesser or greater extent of spikiness of their surfaces, respectively. All lenses showed a predominance of peaks (Rsk > 0) over troughs. S. epidermidis adhered more to the hydrophobic CLs (p < 0.05). Omafilcon A and comfilcon A, which showed the lowest Ra values among the hydrophilic and hydrophobic lenses, respectively, returned the lowest bacterial adhesion scores (p < 0.05).Our results suggest that more hydrophobic CLs are more prone to S. epidermidis adhesion. Although the Ra appears to be related to S. epidermidis adhesion, the influence of Rku and Rsk on this variable remains unclear.

CLs upper limits

10.1097/opx.0b013e3181da8656

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Measuring the area of tear film break-up by image analysis software

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2013)

Hugo Pena‐Verdeal Carlos García‐Resúa Lucía Ramos A. Mosquera Eva Yebra‐Pimentel

Tear film breakup time (BUT) test only examines the first break in the tear film, but subsequent tear film events are not monitored. We present a method of measuring the area of breakup after the appearance of the first breakup by using open source software. Furthermore, the speed of the rupture was determined. 84 subjects participated in the study. 2 μl volume of 2% sodium fluorescein was instilled using a micropipette. The subject was seated behind a slit-lamp using a cobalt blue filter together with a Wratten 12 yellow filter. Then, the tear film was recorded by a camera attached to the slit lamp. 4 frames of each video was extracted, the first rupture (BUT_0), breakup after 1 second (BUT_1), rupture after 2 seconds (BUT_2) and breakup before the last blink (BUT_F). Open source software of measurement based on Java (NIH ImageJ) was used to measure the number of pixels in areas of breakup. These areas were divided by the area of exposed cornea to obtain the percentage of ruptures. Instantaneous breakup speed was calculated for second 1 as the difference between BUT_1 - BUT_0, whereas instant speed for second 2 was BUT_2 - BUT_1. Mean area of breakup obtained was: BUT_0 = 0.26%, BUT_1 = 0.48%, BUT_2 = 0.79% and BUT_F = 1.61%. Break speed was 0.22 area/sec for second 1 and 0.31 area/sec for second 2, showing a statistical difference between them (p = 0.007). Post BUT analysis may be easily monitoring with the aid of this software.

10.1117/12.2030431

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Variación de la ratio longitud axial/radio corneal (LA/RC) con el estado refractivo ocular: Relación con los componentes oculares

Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (2004)

Eva Yebra‐Pimentel MJ Giráldez JM Glez.-Méijome Alejandro Cerviño Carlos García‐Resúa

Determination of the role of the axial length/corneal radius ratio (AL/CR) in the refractive state and investigation of its relationship with the ocular optical components: AL, CR, anterior chamber depth (ACD), crystalline lens thickness (CT) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD).The RE (right eye) of 193 University students 22.27 (SD 3.24) years, with different refractive errors (spherical equivalent range: +3.00 D to -11.00 D), being divided into: emmetropes, hyperopes and myopes (low, moderate and high). The ACE, the CT, the VCD and the AL were measured by ultrasonography (unidimensional echography); and the mean CR by videokeratoscopy.The value of AL/CR obtained was 2.98 (SD 0.69) for emmetropes, 2.89 (SD 0.87) for hyperopes, 3.01 (SD 0.07) in low myopias, 3.10 (SD 0.11) in moderate myopias and 3.23 (SD 0.12) in high myopias. The AL/CR ratio showed a higher correlation with the refractive error. Besides, all the refractive groups were observed to have lower CE values as the AL/CR increased. This tendency is statistically significant in hyperopes, emmetropes and low myopes; and is not in moderate and high myopias. All the study groups could be observed to have a positive and statistically significant correlation between AL/CR and ACD.The ratio AL/CR is the most important parameter and the best predictor of the refractive state of the human eye. It provides important information on how best to determine the degree of emmetropization given by the crystalline, decreasing its power and the ACD in concordance with the LA. A value for the ratio AL/CR above 3.00 could be considered as a risk factor for the development of myopia in emmetropic eyes.

Emmetropia

10.4321/s0365-66912004000700004

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Meibomian gland secretion quality association with ocular parameters in university students during COVID- 19 restrictions

International Ophthalmology (2023)

Jacobo García-Queiruga Hugo Pena‐Verdeal Belén Sabucedo-Villamarin María J. Giráldez Carlos García‐Resúa

To determine if the Meibomian Gland (MG) secretion quality is associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort, hours of Video Display Terminals (VDT) use, eyelid margin abnormalities, conjunctival hyperemia, and Meibomian Gland Loss Area (MGLA) in a sample of university students.An online survey that included an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and an extra question about hours of VDT use recruited an initial sample of 183 participants. Only 120 participants that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were scheduled for a battery of ocular surface and MG specific exam. The tests include: 1) meibometry, 2) slit lamp exploration of eyelid margin abnormalities (irregularity, hyperemia and MG orifices plugging), MG secretion quality and conjunctival hyperemia, and 3) Meibography.Significant positive correlations between the MG secretion quality and eyelid margin hyperemia, MG orifices plugging, MGLA, nasal conjunctival hyperemia, and temporal conjunctival hyperemia (Spearman Rho; all r>0.186, p<0.042) were found. Multivariate regression found association between OSDI with hours of VDT use (B=0.316, p=0.007), and eyelid hyperemia (B=0.434, p≤ 0.001). A statistical association between MG secretion quality and eyelid margin hyperemia, MG orifices plugging, MGLA and conjunctival hyperemia (Fisher's exact; all p<0.039) were found. Multivariate regression found association between MG secretion quality with MG orifices plugging (B=0.295, p=0.004) and meibometry (B=-0.001, p=0.029).Participants with higher values in MG secretion quality have higher values in eyelid margin hyperemia, MG plugging, MGLA, and conjunctival hyperemia. No direct relationship between MG secretion quality and hours of VDT use or OSDI were found.

Meibomian gland

10.1007/s10792-023-02632-2

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A cross-sectional study of non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors of dry eye disease states

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye (2022)

Jacobo García-Queiruga Hugo Pena‐Verdeal Belén Sabucedo-Villamarin María J. Giráldez Carlos García‐Resúa

Cross-sectional study

10.1016/j.clae.2022.101800

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Citations (22)

Relación entre los componentes ópticos oculares e implicaciones en el proceso de emetropización

Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (2008)

Eva Yebra‐Pimentel José Manuel González‐Méijome Carlos García‐Resúa María J. Giráldez

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los diferentes componentes ópticos oculares y la emetropización en función de la longitud axial (LA).Métodos: Participaron 109 jóvenes universitarios divididos en cinco grupos según el error refractivo: emétropes, hipermétropes, miopes bajos, miopes moderados y miopes altos.La medida de los parámetros intraoculares y el análisis de la topografía corneal se realizó mediante ultrasonografía y videoqueratoscopia respectivamente.Resultados: Se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la profundidad de la cámara anterior (PCA) y la LA en ojos con LA menor de 24 mm (r = 0,441; p < 0,001).Sin embargo en ojos con LA mayor no se encontró tal relación (r = 0,098; p = 0,527).El espesor del cristalino (EC) mostró una correlación inversa con la LA para los ojos con LA < 24 mm (r = 0,391; p < 0,001), siendo nula en el caso de ojos con LA ≥ 24 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL

Emmetropia

Negative correlation

Positive correlation

10.4321/s0365-66912008000500006

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Analysis of the relationship of the central tear meniscus area with the tear film symptomatology and stability

Carlos García‐Resúa Hugo Pena‐Verdeal Jacobo García-Queiruga Rosa Calo-Santiago María J. Giráldez

Purpose: Tear film meniscus evaluation offers a non-invasive indication of the total volume of the tear. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the central tear meniscus area with symptomatology and tear film stability. Material and methods: 120 participants who completed an OSDI questionnaire were enrolled in the study. After fluorescein instillation, two videos were recorded by a digital camera attached to a slit-lamp. The first video recorded the lower central portion of the tear meniscus (6 o’clock) with a short light beam (3x5mm), and the second one recorded the complete ocular surface obtaining the Break-Up time (BUT) and Maximum Blink Interval (MBI). A self-design program (FWCapture) was used to acquire the videos while the participants were requested to keep the eye open for as long as possible three times. Images were extracted from each video by a masked observer. From de first video, Central Tear Meniscus Area with fluorescein (CTMAF) was “manually” measured by using ImageJ software (command “<<freehand tool”). From the second video, BUT and MBI were determined by counting video frames then converted in seconds; both parameters were averaging using only the two most similar measurements. Results: CTMAF showed a negative correlation with OSDI score (Spearman Rho: p <0.001, r=-0.372). There was found a statistical difference in the CTMAF between OSDI subgroups (Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.001). CTMAF showed a positive correlation with BUT/MBI (Spearman Rho: both p ≤0.003, r≥0.246). Conclusions: Tear film volume showed a relationship with the symptomatology and tear film stability.

Meniscus

Schirmer test

Statistical Analysis

10.1117/12.2527348

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