Carlos García‐Resúa

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

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Eva Yebra‐Pimentel

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

María J. Giráldez

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Hugo Pena‐Verdeal

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Jacobo García-Queiruga

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Belén Sabucedo-Villamarin

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Madalena Lira

University of Minho

N. Barreira

Universidade da Coruña

A. Mosquera

Clayton Sleep Institute

Manuel G. Penedo

Universidade da Coruña

Beatriz Remeseiro

Universidad de Oviedo

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Universidade da Coruña

University of Minho

Aston University

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Ministry of Science

Universitat de València

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago

Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña

American Academy of Optometry

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Meibomian gland loss area and its relationship with age and ocular surface disease index

Jacobo García-Queiruga Hugo Pena‐Verdeal Dolores Ferreiro Carlos García‐Resúa Eva Yebra‐Pimentel

Purpose: Meibography images bring information about the status and integrity of the meibomian glands (MG). The aim of this study was to correlate the meibomian gland loss area (MGLA) with age and dry eye symptomatology. Material and methods: A total of 110 subjects were recruited for the study. From the Meibography images obtained with the Topcon® CA-800 topographer, MGLA was calculated as the difference between the total area of the tarsus and the MG presence area measured by using the ImageJ software. Before examination, all subjects completed an OSDI questionnaire. OSDI scores were grouped in 4 severity categories: normal (score ≤12), mild (score 12–22), moderate (score 22–32) and severe (score ≥32). Age were categorised in 3 subgroups: ≤25 years, from 25 to 45 years and ≥45 years. MGLA was also grouped in 4 categories of loss: ≤25 %, from 25 to 50%, from 50 to 75% and ≥75%. Results: Analysis was performed by dividing the sample in the 4 MGLA subgroups; these subgroups showed differences in age (p=0.029; Kruskal-Wallis test) and differences in OSDI scores (p=0.001; Kruskal-Wallis test). Sample was divided in 3 age subgroups and differences were obtained in MGLA values among subgroups (p<0.001; Kruskal-Wallis test). Samples was divided in 4 OSDI subgroups and differences were obtained in MGLA values among subgroups (p=0.003; Kruskal-Wallis test). Positive correlation (Spearman Correlation) were obtained for both, MGLA vs. age (r=0.329, p<0.001) and MGLA vs. OSDI (r=0.380, p<0.001). Conclusion: In the present study MGLA showed a relationship with age and OSDI.

Meibomian gland

Schirmer test

Positive correlation

10.1117/12.2527349

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Categorization of the Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye by a Cut-Off Criterion of TMH Measured with Tearscope

Life (2022)

Belén Sabucedo-Villamarin Hugo Pena‐Verdeal Jacobo García-Queiruga María J. Giráldez Carlos García‐Resúa

A decrease of the Tear Meniscus Height (TMH) has been proposed as a useful indicator for Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye (ADDE) categorization. The present study aimed to calculate a TMH cut-off criterion for the categorization or severity assessment of ADDE with the Tearscope. 200 participants with a previous Dry Eye Disease (DED) diagnosis according to TFOS DEWS-II criteria were recruited. TMH by slit-lamp illumination and Lipid Layer Pattern (LLP) with Tearscope were assessed to categorise the participants into the ADDE or the Evaporative Dry Eye (EDE) group. The ADDE group was also subdivided into Mild-moderate ADDE and Moderate-severe ADDE based on TMH with slit-lamp. Additionally, the TMH was measured by Tearscope (TMH-Tc). Receiver Operating Characteristics showed that the TMH-Tc have a diagnostic capability to differentiate between ADDE and EDE participants, and between Mild-moderate or Moderate-severe ADDE, with a cut-off value of 0.159 mm (AUC = 0.843 ± 0.035, p < 0.001; sensitivity: 86.4%; specificity: 75.4%) and 0.105 mm (AUC = 0.953 ± 0.025, p < 0.001; sensitivity: 98.1%; specificity: 80.0%), respectively. The present study proposed a cut-off criterion to differentiate between ADDE and EDE participants, or between ADDE severities through TMH assessed by Tearscope.

10.3390/life12122007

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White light interferometry to characterize the hydrogel contact lens surface

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics (2010)

María J. Giráldez Carlos García‐Resúa Madalena Lira M. Elisabete C.D. Real Oliveira Eva Yebra‐Pimentel

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize, qualitatively and quantitatively, the surface morphology of four unworn conventional hydrogel contact lenses (Omafilcon, Hioxifilcon‐based, Nefilcon A and Ocufilcon B) by White Light Optical Profiling (WLOP). WLOP is an ideal technique for sampling larger areas as well as for higher measurement speed compared with other topography techniques used in contact lens studies. Methods: Surface roughness was assessed by WLOP in the Vertical Scanning Mode, with a Wyko ® NT1100, which is a non‐contact optical profiling system that provides high vertical resolution. Representative roughness parameters, the Average Roughness ( R a ), Root‐mean‐square Roughness ( R ms ), and Maximum Roughness ( R max ), for areas of 625, 2500, 10829 and 67 646 μm 2 were calculated. Results: Higher R a , R ms and R max values were obtained for larger areas in all lenses. Daily disposable contact lenses (Nefilcon A and Ocufilcon B) presented the highest R a , R ms and R max values, the larger changes in these parameters becoming apparent with the increase in the measured area. Differences between lenses were less obvious when data from 625 and 2500 μm 2 area were compared. Conclusions: Daily disposable contact lenses showed the highest roughness surface. Analyzing larger areas might be adequate to detect differences between lenses in terms of surface characteristics, which may not be so obvious if smaller areas are studied.

White light interferometry

Root mean square

10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00712.x

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A preliminary investigation into the relationship between ocular surface temperature and lipid layer thickness

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye (2009)

María J. Giráldez Shehzad A. Naroo Carlos García‐Resúa

Post hoc

Lipid Profile

10.1016/j.clae.2009.06.004

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Citations (21)

Automatization of Dry Eye Syndrome Tests

CRC Press eBooks (2014)

Manuel G. Penedo Beatriz Remeseiro Lucía Ramos N. Barreira Carlos García‐Resúa

References ..................................................................................................................................... 31716.1.1 Structure and FunctionThe structure of the tear film is classically described as a trilaminar structure comprising a superficial lipid layer, an intermediate aqueous phase, and an underlying mucous layer.16.1.1.1 Lipid Layer

10.1201/b16510-20

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Osmolality and pH of commercially available contact lens care solutions and eye drops

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye (2020)

Hugo Pena‐Verdeal Jacobo García-Queiruga Carlos García‐Resúa Eva Yebra‐Pimentel María J. Giráldez

Eye care

Osmometer

10.1016/j.clae.2020.10.009

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Validation of a New Software Application for Tear Breakup Measurement

Optometry and Vision Science (2021)

Hugo Pena‐Verdeal Lucía Ramos Jacobo García-Queiruga Carlos García‐Resúa María J. Giráldez

Tear film instability has been recognized as one key mechanism on dry eye disease. There is a need for new instruments, methods, or protocols to improve the repeatability and reproducibility of the tear film stability to facilitate its clinical evaluation use as a rapid and reliable primary diagnostic test.The present pilot study aimed to validate a method to automatically measure the tear film breakup time (BUT).A total of 264 videos of BUT were randomly selected among the clinical history of subjects attending the optometry clinic. Videos were stored in a backup server through a secure file transfer protocol and analyzed by three different examiners: two masked observers (subjective evaluation) and a third investigator using the automatic software application (objective evaluation). Subjective evaluation was conducted only once on an online software designed for this protocol where videos were presented in random masked order. Automatic evaluation based on color and texture analysis was performed by (1) automatic localization of sequences of interest in the video, (2) extraction of the region of interest within each frame, and (3) automatic BUT measurement from evolution curves in the region of interest as time elapsed from the beginning of the sequence of interest until the curve exceeds a threshold.Substantial correlation was observed among the examiners (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.752). There was a statistical difference between observer 1 and 2 evaluations (t test, P < .001), whereas data provided by the software showed no significant differences from those of the observers (t test, P ≥ .26). Similar results to the whole data set analysis were obtained when the sample was reassessed only considering mean BUT values ≤15 seconds.The present pilot study showed acceptable clinical results for the software application designed to objectively measure the BUT.

Repeatability

10.1097/opx.0000000000001852

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Clinical performance of an objective methodology to categorize tear film lipid layer patterns

Carlos García‐Resúa Hugo Pena‐Verdeal María J. Giráldez Eva Yebra‐Pimentel

Purpose: To validate the performance of a new objective application designated iDEAS (Dry Eye Assessment System) to categorize different zones of lipid layer patterns (LLPs) in one image. Material and methods: Using the Tearscopeplus and a digital camera attached to a slit-lamp, 50 images were captured and analyzed by 4 experienced optometrists. In each image the observers outlined tear film zones that they clearly identified as a specific LLP. Further, the categorization made by the 4 optometrists (called observer 1, 2, 3 and 4) was compared with the automatic system included in iDEAS (5th observer). Results: In general, observer 3 classified worse than all observers (observers 1, 2, 4 and automatic application, Wilcoxon test, <0.05). The automatic system behaved similar to the remaining three observers (observer 1, 2 and 4) showing differences only for Open meshwork LLP when comparing with observer 4 (Wilcoxon test, p=0.02). For the remaining two observers (observer 1 and 2) there was not found statistical differences (Wilcoxon test, >0.05). Furthermore, we obtained a set of photographs per LLP category for which all optometrists showed agreement by using the new tool. After examining them, we detected the more characteristic features for each LLP to enhance the description of the patterns implemented by Guillon. Conclusions: The automatic application included in the iDEAS framework is able to provide zones similar to the annotations made by experienced optometrists. Thus, the manual process done by experts can be automated with the benefits of being unaffected by subjective factors.

Observer (physics)

Digital Image Analysis

10.1117/12.2271845

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Actualización sobre las lentes de contacto en uso prolongado

Revista española de contactología (2004)

José Manuel González‐Méijome Javier González Carlos García‐Resúa

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Longitudinal analysis of variation in status and diagnostic stability of untreated dry eye disease