Discordance, such as overlap, repetition and inconsistent, of standards is one of the major problems in current standardization affair in China. Therefore, improving the unity and authority of standards through reduction of overlap, repetition and inconsistency has become the main goal of deepening standardization reform in China. This paper summarizes the discordance in public health standards in China, analyzes the major reasons and provides specific strategic suggestions through case analysis of public health standards in the ways of comparisons of same kind standards of other deparments and standards in administration documents and guidelines or technical specifications of academic associations or societies.标准的交叉、重复、矛盾等不协调问题已成为当前我国标准化工作现状存在的主要问题之一。减少标准的交叉、重复、矛盾，增强标准的统一性和权威性，已成为我国深化标准化改革的重要目标。本文通过资料检索和专题调研等方法，检索公共卫生领域具体标准案例，从部分卫生标准之间、与跨部门相同专业领域标准之间以及与行政规范性文件、学（协）会指南及技术规范之间等多个角度进行比较，初步探讨我国公共卫生领域卫生标准交叉、重复、矛盾等不协调问题，并对产生的主要原因进行分析，针对性地提出相关策略建议。.
In this paper, the history and current situation of environmental health standardization in China are reviewed, and the experience and shortcomings in the process of environmental health standardization in China are analyzed, suggestions for the next step of environmental health standards are also put forward.
The paper briefly introduces basic intension of control of municipal road engineering for quality.It discusses also the factors influencing the engineering quality,the specific quality controlling process and the correlative measures for control of quality.On this basis it makes some rationalization proposals on heightening the controlling quality.
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the acceleration of urbanization, developing public transportation is an important means to alleviate travel pressure and traffic congestion in cities. Work zones that occupy urban road resources affect normal vehicle operations, leading to reduced vehicle efficiency. Based on this, the paper conducts research on traffic flow modeling and simulation analysis for work zones in a vehicle-road coordination environment. Based on the Gipps model and the SCAT model, optimizations and improvements were made to the following and lane-changing rules for three types of vehicles: human-driven vehicles (HVs), autonomous and connected vehicles (CAVs), and buses. Using cellular automata theory, it constructs a running model suitable for mixed traffic flow vehicles in work zones. MATLAB software is utilized to simulate the operation process of vehicles under work zone scenarios, analyzing changes in traffic flow from two directions: road geometric conditions (speed limits) and traffic flow states (volume, vehicle type ratios, etc.). The study analyzes the impact of vehicle motion behavior on mixed traffic flow under different road scenarios, and examines the effect of work zones on time-space diagrams. It concludes that, at the same density, the higher the proportion of CAVs, the lower the probability of congestion. When the traffic flow is in a free-flow state, the speeds of vehicles under different speed limit conditions are not the same. When the traffic density is around 45 veh/km, the traffic volume reaches its maximum. At the same density, the higher the proportion of CAVs, the greater the overall traffic flow speed and the higher the capacity of the road section.This research provides support for the improvement of theories related to traffic flow operations in work zones under a vehicle-road coordination environment.</div></div>
With the increasing role played by ultrasound in clinical diagnostics, ultrasound training in medical education has become more and more important. The clinical routine for ultrasound training is on real patients; therefore monitored and guided examinations involving medical students are quite time-constrained. Furthermore, standardized patients (SPs), who are increasingly used in medical school for teaching and assessing medical students, need to be augmented. These SPs are typically healthy individuals who can not accurately portray the variety of abnormalities that are needed for training especially when medical examinations involve instrument interactions. To augment SPs in a realistically effective way and also address the resourced time constraints for sonography training, a computerized ultrasound simulation is essential for medical education.
In this dissertation, I investigate a real-time ultrasound simulation methodology based on a virtual 3-dimentional (3-D) mesh organ. This research has developed the simulation technology to augment SPs with synthetic ultrasound images. I present this methodology and its use in simulating echocardiography. This simulated echocardiogram displays the various oriented sonographs in real time according to the placement of a mock transducer without the need of an actual patient.
This paper explores how talent flow network and the firm life cycle affect the innovative performances of firms. We first established an interorganizational talent flow network with the occupational mobility data available from the public resumes on LinkedIn China. Thereafter, this information was combined with the financial data of China's listed companies to develop a unique dataset for the time period between 2000 and 2015. The empirical results indicate the following: (1) The breadth and depth of firms' embedding in the talent flow network positively impact their innovative performances; (2) Younger firms' innovations are mostly promoted by the breadth of network embedding, but this positive effect weakens as firms increase in age; (3) Mature firms' innovations are primarily driven by the depth of network embedding, and this positive effect strengthens as firms increase in age. This paper enriches and deepens the studies of talent flow networks, and it provides practical implications for innovation management based on talent flow for various types of firms at different development stages.
Purpose This research examined how customer mistreatment activates individual customer-directed counterproductive work behavior (CWBC) by investigating the mediating roles of negative work reflection and negative affect. It also explored whether job autonomy buffers the negative impact of customer mistreatment on CWBC. Design/methodology/approach The authors tested their predictions using an experience-sample method with a sample of data from 79 service workers across eight days. A multilevel structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The authors found that negative work reflection and negative affect mediated the association between customer mistreatment and CWBC. In addition, job autonomy moderated the indirect impact of daily customer mistreatment on employees' CWBC through negative work reflection and negative affect. Research limitations/implications There are some concerns about a common method because all of the study variables were self-reported. Moreover, the study sample consisted of participants recruited exclusively from China, thus limiting this research's generality. Practical implications To eliminate the detrimental impact of customer mistreatment, supervisors can strive to improve the autonomy of those who interact with customers frequently to reduce their CWBC. Originality/value This study offers an integrative view to explain why service workers engage in CWBC when suffering customer mistreatment by testing the mediating mechanisms of negative reflection and negative affect in the association between daily customer mistreatment and CWBC. Second, the authors have broadened the study of customer mistreatment by introducing job autonomy as a critical condition, eliminating the indirect association between customer mistreatment and CWBC.
On July 15, 2019, the State Council of China issued new guidelines for the implementation of the country's Healthy China Initiative (2019–2030) and for the promotion of population health across the nation. This article interprets Healthy Environment Promotion Campaign (HEPC) in the Healthy China Initiative from four main aspects—background, major indices, strategies, and features. Two outcome indices and four advocacy indices are proposed by the HEPC, and the strategies are mainly embodied at three levels: individual/family, society and government. The strategies have the following features: 1) the strategies are developed on the basis of scientific evidence; 2) the strategies advocate that citizens must be responsible for their own health; 3) the administrative impetus provided by the Chinese government to integrate health into all policies is an important driver for developing and implementing the HEPC; and 4) HEPC is not an isolated campaign, so it is necessary to coordinate all 15 campaigns in order to proactively and properly implement HEPC.
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