Carolina Aguayo

Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center

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Magdalena Johow

Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center

Víctor Neira

University of Chile

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Claudia Ávila

Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center

Naomi Ariyama

University of Chile

Rafael Medina

Emory University

Gabriela Muñoz

University of Chile

Hugo Araya

Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center

Christian Mathieu

Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center

Bárbara Brito

University of Technology Sydney

Leonardo I. Almonacid

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Cooperative Institutions

University of Chile

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Emory University

Agrico (Netherlands)

Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca

Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy

University of Minnesota

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First report and genetic characterization of Seneca Valley virus (SVV) in Chile

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (2022)

Benjamín Bennett Constanza Urzúa‐Encina Catalina Pardo‐Roa Naomi Ariyama C Lecocq

Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus and the only member of the Senecavirus A (SVA) species, in the Senecavirus genus, Picornaviridae family. SVV infection causes vesicular lesions in the oral cavity, snout and hooves of pigs. This infection is clinically indistinguishable from trade-restrictions-related diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. Other clinical manifestations include diarrhoea, anorexia, lethargy, neurological signs and mortality in piglets during their first week of age. Before this study, Chile was considered free of vesicular diseases of swine, including SVV. In April 2022, a suspected case of vesicular disease in a swine farm was reported in Chile. The SVV was confirmed and other vesicular diseases were ruled out. An epidemiological investigation and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify the origin and extent of the outbreak. Three hundred ninety-five samples from 44 swine farms were collected, including faeces (208), oral fluid (28), processing fluid (14), fresh semen (61), environmental samples (80) and tissue from lesions (4) for real-time RT-PCR detection. Until June 2022, the SVV has been detected in 16 out of 44 farms, all epidemiologically related to the index farm. The closest phylogenetic relationship of the Chilean SVV strain is with viruses collected from swine in California in 2017. The direct cause of the SVV introduction has not yet been identified; however, the phylogenetic analyses suggest the USA as the most likely source. Since the virus remains active in the environment, transmission by fomites such as contaminated feed cannot be discarded. Further studies are needed to determine the risk of the introduction of novel SVV and other transboundary swine pathogens to Chile.

Lethargy

Vesicular Stomatitis

10.1111/tbed.14747

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Citations (15)

Cross-species transmission and PB2 mammalian adaptations of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 viruses in Chile

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2023)

Catalina Pardo-Roa Martha I. Nelson Naomi Ariyama Carolina Aguayo Leonardo I. Almonacid

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) emerged in wild birds in Chile in December 2022 and spilled over into poultry, marine mammals, and one human. Between December 9, 2022 - March 14, 2023, a coordinated government/academic response detected HPAIV by real-time RT-PCR in 8.5% (412/4735) of samples from 23 avian and 3 mammal orders. Whole-genome sequences obtained from 77 birds and 8 marine mammals revealed that all Chilean H5N1 viruses belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b and cluster monophyletically with viruses from Peru, indicating a single introduction from North America into Peru/Chile. Mammalian adaptations were identified in the PB2 segment: D701N in two sea lions, one human, and one shorebird, and Q591K in the human and one sea lion. Minor variant analysis revealed that D701N was present in 52.9 - 70.9% of sequence reads, indicating the presence of both genotypes within hosts. Further surveillance of spillover events is warranted to assess the emergence and potential onward transmission of mammalian adapted H5N1 HPAIV in South America.

Highly pathogenic

Lineage (genetic)

10.1101/2023.06.30.547205

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Wild Birds, Chile

Emerging infectious diseases (2023)

Naomi Ariyama Catalina Pardo‐Roa Gabriela Muñoz Carolina Aguayo Claudia Ávila

In December 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus emerged in Chile. We detected H5N1 virus in 93 samples and obtained 9 whole-genome sequences of strains from wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis suggests multiple viral introductions into South America. Continued surveillance is needed to assess risks to humans and domestic poultry.

Highly pathogenic

H5N1 genetic structure

Pandemic

10.3201/eid2909.230067

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Stranding and mass mortality in humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti), associated to HPAIV H5N1 outbreak in Chile

Preventive Veterinary Medicine (2024)

Gabriela Muñoz Mauricio Ulloa Raúl Alegría‐Morán Barbara Quezada Benjamín Bennett

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106206

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Emergence and rapid dissemination of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in wild birds, Chile

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2023)

Naomi Ariyama Catalina Pardo-Roa Gabriela Muñoz Carolina Aguayo Claudia Ávila

Abstract In December 2022, HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b emerged in Chile. We detected the virus in 93 wild bird samples and sequenced the whole genome of nine Chilean strains from pelicans and gulls. Phylogenetic analysis suggests at least two different HPAI viral clusters in South America.

Highly pathogenic

10.1101/2023.04.07.535949

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Citations (10)