Abstract Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in blueberry fruit ( Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Wolcott) as influenced by 3 rates of N, P, and K and 2 rates of lime were determined for 2-4 years. Concentration varied among years, but the variation was much less for N, P, K, and Ca than for Mg and the micronutrients. Application of N, P, or K increased the concentration of the element applied. Application of lime did not influence elemental concentrations. Increasing N rates decreased fruit Ca, and P decreased Mn concentrations each year.
Abstract The effect of phosphorus and lime applications to the Ap and/or A2 horizon of a Norfolk loamy sand upon the growth and P and A1 content of corn were determined under greenhouse conditions. Increasing the supply of P in either horizon resulted in significant increases in top growth. This increase was of greater magnitude when P was supplied to the Ap than when supplied to the A2 horizon. The growth response of roots in each horizon to P application followed the same trends as top growth except when high levels of P were applied in both horizons the relative increases were much less than with top growth. Applications of lime to the A2 horizon resulted in increases in root growth in that horizon which were not increased further by lime application to the Ap horizon. Lime application in the A2 horizon resulted in slight increases in weight of tops and of roots from the Ap horizon. However, only when lime was applied to the Ap horizon was maximum top growth and root growth in the Ap horizon realized. Significant effects upon phosphorus concentrations in tops and in roots from the Ap horizon were not observed with the first increment of phosphorus in either horizon. A marked increase in phosphorus content was obtained from the second increment of phosphorus. Lime application resulted in a decrease in P and A1 concentration. The decrease in AI concentration was much less from the lime than from the P treatment.
Abstract Swine ( Sus scrofa domesticus ) production in confinement requires economical and environmentally safe waste management systems. Anaerobic lagoons require periodic removal of effluent for land application to avoid lagoon overflow in humid regions. The objective of this experiment was to determine the utilization potential and the environmental effects of applying swine lagoon effluent to ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Effluent loading rates to apply approximately 335, 670, and 1340 kg of N ha −1 yr −1 were evaluated. The experiment was a randomized complete block with three replications and was conducted for 6 yr on a loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Paleudult (two replications) or a fine‐loamy, siliceous thermic Typic Paleudult (one replication). The highest application rate resulted in additions of N, P, and K at about 4, 10, and 8 times, respectively, the normally recommended fertilizer applications for high yields of bermudagrass hay. Effluent loading rates altered dry matter yields with the high and medium rates being similar (15 800 and 14 200 kg ha −1 ) but greater than the low rate (10 800 kg ha −1 ). Severe winters injured stands most on the medium and high loading rates and were associated with soil characteristics. Concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn were increased in forage by increased effluent loading rates, while Cl − , Cu, Fe, and Na varied. Effluent loading rates significantly increased in vitro dry matter disappearance 3 of the 6 yr and N concentrations all years, especially from the low to medium loading rates (quadratic effect). High applications of effluent greatly increased the concentration of nitrates in the forage to levels that approached, but did not exceed, concentrations unsafe for ruminants. The medium and high rates resulted in large additions of elements not recovered in the forage and could have environmental implications as to effects on the soil, groundwater, and surface runoff.
Synopsis Malate, true protein nitrogen, free amino nitrogen, and nonprotein nitrogen other than free amino nitrogen were positively correlated with nitrogen supply with both 4‐ and 6‐week‐old orchardgrass leaves. The degree of association varied with plant age and potassium content. Nonprotein nitrogen compounds and malate were negatively correlated with potassium. True protein was positively correlated with the potassium content.
Abstract We determined the influence of fertilizer and cultural treatments upon peach flesh resistance to browning, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and soluble ninhydrin-positive nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen, P, K, and lime and severe pruning increased the resistance of macerated fresh fruit to browning. Soil profile modification and Mg application lowered browning resistance. Application of N or lime increased soluble solids in the fruit, but deep tillage decreased them. Soluble solids were higher when pruning was either less or more severe than that normally practiced. Titratable acidity was positively related to the application of P and K, but was decreased by N application. Application of K or lime increased pH whereas changing the N supply yielded inconclusive results. The soluble amino acids of the fruit were positively related to N supply and were reduced by K application. Interrelations of treatment effects upon the various components are discussed.
Abstract Changes in pH and concentration of P, K, Ca and Mg in the soil were monitored during an 8-year period in a blueberry field cleared for cultivation just prior to establishment. The influence of 3 rates of N, P, K and 2 rates of lime upon these parameters, yield, and foliar elemental levels of highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Wolcott) were determined. Soil pH increased from 3.7 to 4.1 during the study when lime was not applied. Application of N and K increased and P decreased soil pH. Foliar N, P and K reflected the amount applied, but foliar concentration of Ca and Mg was influenced in only 3 years by application of dolomitic lime. Yield was increased by the intermediate level of K (47 kg/ha) and the intermediate and high levels of P (25 and 50 kg/ha) compared with the O rates. Yield was not increased by N above the base rate of 34 kg/ha. Bush mortality was increased by high levels of N (168 kg/ha), P (50 kg/ha) and K (94 kg/ha) compared to the O rates. Increasing N or P delayed but K hastened fruit ripening. Lime application did not influence yield. The effect of treatments upon certain foliar micronutrients are presented and discussed.
