Effect of Nitrogen, Potassium, and Plant Age on Certain Nitrogenous Constituents and Malate Content of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)1
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Synopsis Malate, true protein nitrogen, free amino nitrogen, and nonprotein nitrogen other than free amino nitrogen were positively correlated with nitrogen supply with both 4‐ and 6‐week‐old orchardgrass leaves. The degree of association varied with plant age and potassium content. Nonprotein nitrogen compounds and malate were negatively correlated with potassium. True protein was positively correlated with the potassium content.Keywords:
Dactylis glomerata
Variable coloration was displayed by Rosa hybrida, var. Better Times, grown in solutions of various concentrations of nitrogen and potassium. As revealed by measuring the color in Hunter values, growth in high potassium and low nitrogen concentrations resulted in less reddish and more bluish roses, while cultivation in a low nitrogen concentration, irrespective of the N/ K ratio, resulted in roses which were more lightly colored than those grown in high concentrations of nitrogen and potassium. The results were statistically significant at the 1 percent probability level.
Colored
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این مطالعه به بررسی تاکسونومی جنسDactylis در ایران می پردازد. این جنس چندساله، باد گرده افشان، برون زادگیر و متعلق به قبیله poeae ، زیرخانواده pooidea و خانواده poaceae است تا به امروز مطالعات دقیقی در ایران در مورد Dactylis صورت نگرفته است. بنابراین مطالعه و ارزیابی وضعیت مورفولوژیک، زیستگاهی، کاریوتیپی و تنوع ژنتیکی این جنس مهم است. در مجموع تعداد 58 جمعیت با استفاده از 62 صفت کیفی و کمی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. این جنس در ایران از تنوع ریخت شناسی بالایی برخوردار است. به منظور تعیین روابط درون گونه‌ای، از تحلیل خوشه‌ای با استفاده از ضریب Simple matching بهره گرفته شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل خوشه‌ای، حاکی از وجود تنوع در بین جمعیت‌های این جنس است, تغییرپذیری ریخت شناسی وسیع در این گونه ناشی از دورگ‌گیری‌های فراوان بین زیرگونه‌ها و وقوع برون زاد گیری و جریان ژنی بین جمعیت‌ها، سازگاری‌های زیست محیطی و تاثیر عوامل محیطی باشد . به طور کلی براساس مشاهدات حاصل از بررسی‌های صفات ریخت‌شناسی و بررسی سیتولوژی جنس Dactylis با یک گونهD. glomerata و دو زیرگونه D.glomerata subsp glomerata. و D.glomerata subsp.hispanica. واجد سطح تتراپلویید و عدد کروموزومی 2n=4x=28در ایران حضور دارد.
Dactylis glomerata
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Dactylis glomerata
Monoculture
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Synopsis Nitrogen fertilization generally increased visual disease symptoms in eight spring wheat varieties infected with barley stripe mosaic and grown in irrigated plots. The nitrogen content of the diseased plants was higher than that of the non‐diseased, and was not affected by nitrogen fertilization. Diseased plants, because of lessened growth, absorbed less soil and fertilizer nitrogen.
Nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen deficiency
Mosaic
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The effect of potassium and nitrogen was studied on the growth and chemical composition of wheat grown on eight representative Rajasthan soils. In general, the percentage crop response was higher due to nitrogen than to potassium and potassium-nitrogen interaction was not significant in most of the soils. Chemical composition of the plant showed that absorption of nitrogen increased with its application but was suppressed by Potassium. Potassium uptake increased with the addition of potash and more so in combination with nitrogen.
Potash
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Dactylis glomerata L. is a worldwide-cultivated species for its high yield, good quality and shade resistance. China also holds an extensive distribution of wild Dactylis. However, reports on researches on Dactylis glomerata are still rare. This review summarized the morphological, cytological and molecular diversities of Dactylis glomerata. Genetic polymorphism of Dactylis glomerata exits at all levels. It can be predicted that Systematical studies on genetic diversity of wild orchard grass rich in China should be very important to reasonable conservation, utilization and breeding of new varieties of Dactylis glomerata.
Dactylis glomerata
Orchard
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Field experiments were carried out at two different locations in Prince Edward Island each year for 3 consecutive years to determine the effects of added nitrogen and potassium on yields of rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill.) and subsequent losses during a 6-mo period in two storage regimes. Preseeding applications of nitrogen at 120 kg ha −1 compared to 40 kg ha −1 increased marketable yields by 7–18%. Applications of potassium at 180 kg ha −1 compared to 60 kg ha −1 had no effect on marketable yields. Mean weight losses from dehydration of rutabagas held for 6 mo at about 2 °C and 95% RH and at about 5 °C and 90% RH were 5.2% and 10.8%, respectively, and were not affected by the nitrogen and potassium treatments. Also, the nitrogen and potassium treatments had no effect on the proportion of the rutabagas that remained in marketable condition during the storage period. Analysis of leaf tissue collected when the rutabaga roots began to enlarge indicated that nitrogen and potassium concentrations of approximately 5.0–6.0% and 2.1–5.9%, respectively, are within the sufficiency range.Key words: Rutabaga, Brassica napobrassica, yield, storability, nitrogen, potassium
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Dactylis glomerata is an upland loose-flattened perennial herb, the most shade-tolerant of the common grasses. Low winter hardiness is an obstacle to the wide use of Dactylis glomerata as a grassland crop and a limiting factor for the release of varieties in the Primorsky Region. The devel- opment of highly winter-hardy intensive types of dwarf Dactylis glomerata is an important area of breeding work. The study aims to study promising source material of Dactylis glomerata for further use in creating new winter-hardy, high-yielding varieties. The authors have identified types for the yield of intensive varieties by studying the collection of Dactylis glomerata for the period 2018-2020 in the conditions of the Primorsky Region. The Dactylis glomerata plants reach full development and the highest yields in the third year of life. In terms of green matter yields in the two years of use, several Dactylis glomerata exceed the standard by 29-34%. These are variety samples 41821 Wild (Norway), 40280 Wild (Altai), and Sverdlovchanka 86 (Ural Agricultural Research Institute). The va- rieties Sverdlovchanka 86 (Urals Agricultural Research Institute), Dikorastushchaya (Primorskaya local) and 32028 Dikorastushchaya (Arkhangelskaya region) were distinguished by seed yield in the two years of use, having exceeded the standard by 113-153%. The winter hardiness of plants in the first winter is a limiting factor for Dactylis glomerata in Primorsky Krai conditions. The identified differences in the winter hardiness of plants allow the best of them to be used in selection. In the col- lection nursery of Dactylis glomerata, a variety of varieties with 100% winter hardiness of plants in the first winter after sowing were: 48113 Aukstuole (Lithuania), 41821 Wild (Norway), 40896 Wild (Kazakhstan), Sverdlovchanka 86 (Agricultural Research Institute), Wild (Primorsky Region).
Dactylis glomerata
Hardiness (plants)
Phleum
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The high temperature LT50 of 5 wild Dactylis glomerata was detected with electrical conductivity method combined with Logistic equation. The results showed that the tested materials had apparently S-curve trend with temperature in the injury rate of leave cells after treated with gradient high temperature. The Logistic equation was well fitted with this trend.The semi-lethal temperatures of the 5 cultivars were in the order of Dactylis glomerata cv. Chuandong(LT50=53.50 ℃),Dactylis glomerata cv. Changyang(LT50=53.32 ℃), Dactylis glomerata cv. Baoxing(LT50=52.98 ℃), Dactylis glomerata cv.Jinsiling(LT50=52.84 ℃) and Dactylis glomerata cv. Banbiyan(LT50=52.14 ℃). Through observing its field trials in summer in Wuhan, the Dactylis glomerata cv. Chuandong and Dactylis glomerata cv. Changyang grew well with strong heat resistance.
Dactylis glomerata
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From the present study, it could be concluded that the highest concentration of nitrogen in wheat grains was obtained at 90 kg N fed-1 in the presence of potassium and spraying with boron. Increasing nitrogen levels increased the amount of nitrogen uptake by grains of wheat. Also the crude protein (%) in grains increased gradually with increasing nitrogen level in the presence of potassium and spraying with boron. The highest concentration of K in grains of wheat was obtained at the high levels of nitrogen in the presence of potassium and spraying with boron. Also the highest amounts of K uptake by the grains of wheat were recorded by the high levels of nitrogen in the presence of potassium and spraying of boron.
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