A novel method for the detection of cable elastic expansion rate is proposed, it makes the detection of cable temperature performance more accurate, fast, easy and efficient. The method provides scientific guidance on how to choose the cable under special circumstances.
This paper introduces a preconditioned convex splitting algorithm enhanced with line search techniques for nonconvex optimization problems. The algorithm utilizes second-order backward differentiation formulas (BDF) for the implicit and linear components and the Adams-Bashforth scheme for the nonlinear and explicit parts of the gradient flow in variational functions. The proposed algorithm, resembling a generalized difference-of-convex-function approach, involves a changing set of convex functions in each iteration. It integrates the Armijo line search strategy to improve performance. The study also discusses classical preconditioners such as symmetric Gauss-Seidel, Jacobi, and Richardson within this context. The global convergence of the algorithm is established through the Kurdyka-{\L}ojasiewicz properties, ensuring convergence within a finite number of preconditioned iterations. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed second-order convex splitting with line search over conventional difference-of-convex-function algorithms.
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism has been reported to be implicated in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as well as the treatment response to antidepressants in patients with GAD, but the findings are inconsistent. In this study, we explore the association among COMT, GAD, and the antidepressant response in the Chinese Han population. One hundred and two patients with GAD and 120 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All the patients were treated with escitalopram or venlafaxine for 8 weeks. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) was used to assess the treatment response. All the participants were genotyped for the COMT Val158Met polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction method. No significant differences in the frequency of the COMT rs4680 polymorphism were found between the GAD and HC groups, or between patients with different genders. Further, we found no significant correlation between the COMT rs4680 polymorphism, gender, and the antidepressant treatment outcomes after eight weeks in the GAD patients. This study indicated that the COMT rs4680 genotype might not be related to GAD or to the genders of the GAD patients, nor did it have any effect on the antidepressant therapeutic response in the GAD patients. Even so, our research will be helpful by providing guidance and direction for future, more in depth, research.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the clinical prognosis that leads to dementia. Early intervention of MCI is critical to protect against dementia. Exercise intervention has gained popularity for the management of MCI. Most current studies have focused only on improvements made by exercise interventions on the global/general cognitive function and/or a specific cognitive function. However, no studies have been performed on a subgroup analysis of the effects of exercise interventions on different cognitive domains of the elderly with MCI. The exploration of this issue will help to clarify the influence and through a preliminary analysis identify the level of influence of exercise interventions on particular cognitive domains, and it will provide the theoretical framework for the construction of precise exercise intervention strategies for MCI patients.
Misdiagnosis between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD) is quite common. Our previous study found significantly lower serum VGF (non-acronymic) in MDD patients. However, it is unclear whether same changes occur in BD patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum VGF levels in BD and MDD patients. General information, scores of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and fasting blood samples of all participants including 30 MDD patients, 20 BD patients, and 30 healthy controls (HC) were collected. Serum VGF levels were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze correlations between serum VGF levels and clinical information. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and likelihood ratios (LRs) were used to analyze the differential potential of serum VGF. Serum VGF levels were significantly lower in MDD patients but higher in BD patients compared with HC (both PTukey < 0.01). No correlation was found between serum VGF levels and any data of subjects. The optimal cutoff for serum VGF in discriminating BD patients from MDD patients was ≥1093.85 pg/ml (AUC = 0.990, sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 95%). LRs further confirmed the differential efficiency of serum VGF in distinguishing BD and MDD patients with +LR of infinity and -LR of 0. The results suggest that serum VGF level changed significantly in MDD and BD patients and serum VGF may be an indicator for differentiating BD patients from MDD patients.
Abstract Background: Although attentional bias modification training (ABM) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are two effective methods to decrease the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD), to date, no randomized controlled trials have yet evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention combining internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) and ABM for adults with GAD. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention combining ICBT and ABM for adults with GAD. Method: Sixty-three participants diagnosed with GAD were randomly assigned to the treatment group (ICBT with ABM; 31 participants) or the control group (ICBT with ABM placebo; 32 participants), and received 8 weeks of treatment and three evaluations. The CBT, ABM and ABM-placebo training were conducted via the internet. The evaluations were conducted at baseline, 8 weeks later, and 1 month later, respectively. Results: Both the treatment and control groups reported significantly reduced anxiety symptoms and attentional bias, with no clear superiority of either intervention. However, the treatment group showed a greater reduction in negative automatic thoughts than the control group after treatment and at 1-month follow-up (η 2 = 0.123). Conclusion: The results suggest that although not differing in therapeutic efficacy, the intervention combining ICBT and ABM is superior to the intervention combining ICBT and ABM-placebo in the reduction of negative automatic thoughts. ABM may be a useful augmentation of ICBT on reducing anxiety symptoms.
Background Non-pharmacological interventions are promising for delaying cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although some studies have demonstrated adherence rates and factors influencing participation in single modality non-pharmacological interventions, little is known about the level and correlates of adherence to multimodal non-pharmacological interventions (MNPIs) in older adults with MCI. Objective This study aimed to explore the adherence level and the correlates of adherence to MNPIs in older adults with MCI. Methods A cross-sectional design was employed. Community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and over were recruited from senior community centers and healthcare centers in Huzhou from March 2019 to December 2020. Data were collected by a general information questionnaire and the adherence scale of cognitive dysfunction management (AS-CDM) in older adults with MCI. Hierarchical regression analyses were applied to explore the correlates of adherence to MNPIs. Results A total of 216 completed questionnaires were finally analyzed. Of these, 68.52% were female, and 45.4% of the participants had no less than 6 years of education. The overall mean score for adherence was 117.58 (SD = 10.51) out of 160, equivalent to 73.49 in the hundred-mark system, indicating a medium-level adherence to MNPIs in older adults with MCI. Of the five dimensions of adherence (AS-CDM), self-efficacy scored the highest, and the lowest was perceived barriers. The univariate analysis showed that the factors associated with the adherence to MNPIs were: regular physical exercise, meat-vegetable balance, absence of multimorbidity, high level of education, living alone, and living in urban ( p < 0.05). In the hierarchical regression analysis, the final model explained 18.8% of variance in overall adherence ( p < 0.01), which high school (Beta = 0.161, p < 0.05), college and above more (Beta = 0.171, p < 0.05), meat-vegetarian balance (Beta = 0.228, p < 0.05), regular physical exercise (Beta = 0.234, p < 0.05), and presence of multimorbidity (Beta = −0.128, p < 0.05) significantly contributed to adherence. In addition, nearly 80% of older adults with MCI preferred MNPIs. Conclusion Early assessment and management of adherence to MNPIs were essential in older adults with MCI. Furthermore, the findings shed light on several critical areas of intervention to improve adherence to MNPIs in older adults with MCI. Clinical Trial Registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=35363 , ChiCTR1900020950 (Registered on January 23, 2019).
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