Waterlogging is a common abiotic stress in kharif season (monsoon) dependent crops like soybean, the objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of finding a morphological trait as selection criteria of soybean genotypes under waterlogging anaerobic stress.The experiment was carried out in the stage of germination.Percent germination was measured during water logging stress and stress recovery.Our results indicated the presence of genetic variability for germination.Percent germination associated with pre-germination under stress conditions can be used as selection criteria for waterlogging-tolerant soybean in breeding programs.
An efficient protocol for in vitro multiplication of hybrid tea rose cv. Grand Gala was developed using axillary bud segments.Out of different pre-treatments of explants tried, the highest explant survival (82.16%) was obtained with carbendazim (0.2%) + diathane M-45 (0.2%) + 8-HQC (200 mg/l) for 4 h on a horizontal shaker (120 rpm). Sucrose concentration of 40 g/l in the medium seems to be optimal for in vitro shoot multiplication. Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA + 0.5 mg/l GA3 was found most effective for culture establishment and shoot proliferation with highest number of micro-shoots (6.49 shoots/explant). Rooting of micro-shoots was induced on half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/l) + IBA (0.5 mg/l). The regenerated plantlets were efficiently hardened in glass jars filled with vermiculite + agropeat (1:2) moistened with half-strength MS medium salts and covered with polypropylene lids, thereafter plants were successfully transferred to the glasshouse with good survival.
An experiment was designed to find out the best suited seed protein fraction for identifying the genetic contaminants in seeds of two cotton hybrids viz., CSHH 198 and CSHH 238 where its morphological and genetic differences are meager. The electrophoretic comparison of albumin, globulin, and prolamin seed protein fractions revealed that both albumin and globulin fractions are able to differentiate the hybrids from its male and female parents. The analysis of seed proteins of two cotton hybrid revealed that, albumin fraction produced six different fingerprints with highest discrimination ability than globulin fraction (three). Due to this, albumin fraction showed the added advantage in assessment of genetic purity of CSHH 198 hybrid seed lot that are contaminated with its own parental (selfed female) seeds as well as CSHH 238 cotton hybrid. In contrast, globulin fraction can only be used for identification of off type contaminations due to its own parental seeds and prolamin was unable to differentiate any contaminant. Thus, water soluble albumin protein fraction can be used to differentiate the CSHH 198 and CSHH 238 cotton hybrids and their parental line for both genetic and hybrid purity testing.
Field experiments was conducted on marigold (Tagetus patula L.) var. Pusa Arpita during 2014-16 using Ramamoorthy's inductive methodology for the quantification of soil test and crop requirement based integrated fertilizer prescription of primary nutrients for targeted yield of marigold at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The results of the experiment indicated that 0.46 kg N, 0.07 kg P and 0.49 kg K were required to produce one quintal of marigold flowers in Inceptisols of New Delhi. The contributions (%) from soil, fertilizer nutrients and FYM were found to be 46.33, 45.53 and 21.60 for N; 59.62, 20.42 and 8.87 for P and 47.22, 85.71 and 6.11 for K, respectively. The fertilizer prescription equations were developed and nomograms were formulated based on the equations for a range of soil test values and desired yield targets of marigold. Under NPK + 10 tonnes/ha FYM, 9.3, 10.17, and 3.09 kg/ha of fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O could be saved for attaining targeted yield of 30 tonnes/ha as compared to NPK fertilizer alone at a given soil test values of 100, 4 and 100 kg of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively.
Twenty-one genotypes of African marigold were (Tagetes erecta L.) evaluated for 11 growth and flowering related traits to study their genetic parameters such as variability, heritability, genetic (GCV), phenotypic (PCV) coefficient of variation and correlation and path coefficient analysis. Analysis of variance for all the traits showed significant differences among genotypes for all the growth and flowering related traits. High range in mean performance has been observed for traits, viz. plant height (64.00-106.67 cm), plant spread (49.33-72.00 cm), flower diameter (3.77- 6.17 cm), days required for flowering (78.67-99.33 days), number of secondary branches (22.13-37.47) and flower duration (26.00-44.83 days). Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for traits such as fresh flower weight per plant, flower fresh weight per 10 flowers, number of flowers per plant, stem girth, flowering duration, etc. The high value (> 90%) of heritability was observed for all traits except plant height, plant spread and stem girth. The genetic advance was found ranged from 1.23 for flower diameter to 288.69 for fresh flower weight per plant. High values of genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for number of flowers (59.79%) followed by fresh flower weight per plant (59.32%) and flower fresh weight per 10 flowers (58.09%). Fresh flower weight per plant is significantly and positively correlated both at genotypic and phenotypic level for plant spread, flower fresh weight per flower, number of flowers per plant and flower diameter. Path coefficient analysis at genotypic level revealed that the number of primary branches per plant contributed highest and has significantly positive direct effect on fresh flower weight per plant followed by number of flowers per plant, flower diameter, flower fresh weight per flower, days required for flowering and stem girth. The different genotypes were identified to be performing differently for different quantitative traits. Hence, those genotypes with superior traits could be involved in the hybridization programme for assembling of desirable traits in a single genotype.
The present study was carried out to screen six promising varieties of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), viz. Pusa Chitraksha, Lalit, Pusa Aditya, Basanti, Himanshu, and Pusa Sona in MS (Murashige and Skoog) media supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM/NaCl. As the concentration of NaCl increased, there was a corresponding decrease in shoot length, fresh weight, number of leaves and rooting percentage. Number of shoots per plant exhibited not much significant difference. Maximum reduction in plant growth was recorded in the variety Pusa Sona (60.60%) while minimum reduction was observed in variety Pusa Aditya (35.60%). The highest fresh weight was recorded in variety Pusa Aditya and lowest in the varieties Himanshu and Pusa Sona, when the medium was supplemented with 150 mM NaCl. Variety Pusa Sona (57.00%) had the maximum reduction in the number of leaves per plant and minimum was found in the variety Lalit (29.10%). Increasing salt stress had an adverse effect on rooting abilities of all the varieties. Under the control with no added NaCl, the rooting percentage was 100% among all the varieties. In medium supplemented with 150 mM/l NaCl, the maximum rooting was recorded in the variety Pusa Aditya (63.80%)) and Basanti (63.80%), whereas least was observed in the varieties Pusa Sona and Himanshu (22.00% and 41.80%, respectively).
The present study was designed to explore the anthocyanin profile and antioxidant activities in Indian rose varieties (Rosa × hybrida). Among fifty varieties, Ashwini recorded the highest total phenolic content (427.59 ± 3.47 mg GAE/100 g) along with the highest FRAP (397.15 ± 0.82 µmol trolox/g) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (93.47 ± 0.19%) on a fresh weight basis. A significant positive correlation was observed between total anthocyanin content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities. Four distinct clusters were formed according to total anthocyanins, total phenols, and antioxidant activities; white- and yellow-colored varieties were most distant from red ones. Principal component analysis revealed that variable total anthocyanin content contributed to the maximum variation among the fifty rose varieties studied. Highly anthocyanin-rich rose varieties were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD), which identified two major components of anthocyanins, i.e., cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside. Cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin in red- and pink-colored varieties, whereas pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside was the major one in the orange variety. The maximum cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside content was recorded in variety Ashwini (497.79 mg/100 g), whereas the maximum pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside content was recorded in Suryakiran (185.43 mg/100 g). It is suggested that the rose varieties with high anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity can be exploited as a potential source of nutraceuticals in the food industry.
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