Fitness becomes an important benchmark for public health in every age group. Activities with poor adverse fitness are at risk of injury. Good fitness is gained from a balance in everyday physical activity with conditions that are free of metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the relationship of physical activity, energy balance, and metabolic syndrome to the fitness of 166 professors of Universitas Padjadjaran who underwent a 1-month fitness checkup at BAPELKES Bandung in the period of 2017. Based on the regression analysis, the results showed a significant relationship between physical activity, energy balance, and metabolic syndrome on the physical fitness of the elderly group (F = 25.9290> F table = 2.427) with normal data distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The results also showed a moderate relationship (R = 0.569 and R2 = 0.324). It also partially showed significant influence between physical activity and fitness (t = 8.541> t table = 1.975), significant influence between energy balance and physical fitness (t = 2.248> t table = 1.975), and no significant partial influence between metabolic syndrome and physical fitness of the elderly group (t = -0.029 <t table = 1.975). Hence, there is a relationship between physical activity, energy balance, metabolic syndrome and physical fitness of Professors in Universitas Padjadjaran. Key words: Energy balance, metabolic syndrome, physical fitness Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik, Keseimbangan Energi, dan Sindrom Metabolik terhadap Kebugaran Fisik pada Kelompok Usia Lanjut Kebugaran menjadi tolak ukur penting bagi kesehatan masyarakat pada setiap kelompok usia. Aktivitas dengan kebugaran usia lanjut yang kurang baik berisiko terjadi cedera. Kebugaran yang baik diperoleh dari keseimbangan dalam aktivitas fisik sehari-hari dengan kondisi bebas dari sindrom metabolik. Penelitian ini mempelajari hubungan aktivitas fisik, keseimbangan energi, dan sindrom metabolik dengan kebugaran 166 orang Guru Besar di Universitas Padjadjaran yang dilakukan pemeriksaan kebugaran selama 1 bulan di BAPELKES Bandung periode tahun 2017. Berdasar atas analisis regresi hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik, keseimbangan energi, dan sindrom metabolik dengan kebugaran fisik kelompok usia lanjut (F=25,9290 > Ftable =2,427) dengan distribusi data normal (tes Kolmogorov-Smirnov). Hasil juga menunjukkan hubungan yang moderat (R= 0,569 dan R 2 = 0,324). Secara parsial juga menunjukkan pengaruh yang signfikan aktivitas fisik dengan kebugaran (t= 8.541> t tabel= 1.975), pengaruh signifikan keseimbangan energi dengan kebugaran fisik (t= 2,248> t tabel= 1,975), dan tidak ada pengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap sindrom metabolik dengan kebugaran fisik kelompok usia lanjut (t= -0,029 < t tabel= 1,975). Berdasar atas hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan hubungan = aktivitas fisik, keseimbangan energi, dan sindrom metabolik dengan kebugaran fisik guru besar Universitas Padjadjaran. Kata kunci : Kebugaran, keseimbangan energi, sindrom metabolik
Ulvan is a natural sulfated polysaccharide obtained from marine green algae composed of 3-sulfated rhamnoglucuronan as the main component. It has a unique chemical structure that rich of L-rhamnosa, D-glucuronic acid, and L-iduronic acid. Ulvan has a similar structure to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in mammals including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate that has broad range applications for many years. Here, we provide an overview of ulvan based hydrogels for biomedical applications. Hydrogels are one of ulvan advances in polymer science for application in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This review presented an overview about functional information of ulvan based hydrogels and the promising potential in biomedicals collected from published papers in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Other important aspects concerning properties, hydrogel-forming mechanisms, and ulvan based hydrogel developments were reported as well. As conclusion, ulvan showed interesting properties in forming hydrogels and promising advances in biomedical applications.
A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) was proven to induce metabolic dysfunction and causes various organ inflammation, including the retina. As the regulator of lipid metabolism, PPARa plays a role in retinal lipid metabolism and served as one of the targets for decreasing lipid deposition in the retina. Turmeric and mangosteen peel are Indonesian medicinal herbs with enormous health effects, including antiinflammation and hypolipidemic properties. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract from turmeric and mangosteen peel on PPARa gene expression in the retina of an HFD-induced rat model. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control, positive control, turmeric, mangosteen, and fibrate. At the end of the study, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels from the blood were measured. The retina was extracted to conduct Realtime PCR for PPARα gene expression. The result showed a significant difference in triglyceride levels between positive control and turmeric groups, and PPARa gene expression in the retina between the control negative, positive, and turmeric groups, but no significant difference was found in other groups. This study concludes that the extract of turmeric increases the expression of the PPARa gene expression in the retina in an HFD-induced rat model.
BACKGROUND: The lic1A gene is an important virulence factor for non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), which allows its translocation from the nasopharynx into the sinonasal cavity and modulates more severe inflammatory processes. This study is aimed for identifying the potential correlation between the NTHi lic1A gene expressions and the severity of post-viral acute rhinosinusitis.METHODS: Sixty patients who were diagnosed with post-viral acute rhinosinusitis, were recruited from an ENT clinic in a referral hospital, in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. All patients underwent a historical assessment and ENT examination. The nasal specimen was taken from the patient’s middle meatal. The NTHi lic1A gene expression was detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).RESULTS: We observed that eight patients had the NTHi lic1A (+), with a strong correlation toward the dominant symptoms (nasal obstruction and discharge). In addition, the symptom’s duration of the NTHi lic1A (+) was twice longer than patients with the NTHi lic1A (-). Its severity was significantly more different between the two groups (p=0.034).CONCLUSION: Taken together, the presence of the NTHi lic1A gene is significantly associated with the severity of the disease and the symptom’s duration. Thus, the NTHi lic1A gene could potentially be a good marker for assessing the severity of post-viral acute rhinosinusitis cases in the future.KEYWORDS: H. influenzae, rhinosinusitis, nasal obstruction, virulence factors
Isoflavone has an effect on countering the progression of skin aging, while probiotics boost the absorption of nutrients and maintain the skin tissue.Fermentation of isoflavone might be more beneficial for inducing cytokine system and boosting the skin regeneration.There is limited information about the difference of effect between the various formulation of fermented cow milk and soy milk towards the skin regeneration via epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling.Twenty-five female rats were divided into 5 group for 12 weeks supplementation of fermented soy and cow milk by oral gavaging.Specific probiotics composition was utilized for fermenting formulation cow and soymilk consist (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum).Our data showed that there are different characteristics of stool and its macroscopic appearance after different probiotics composition of fermented milk treatment.Histology results showed that the epidermal skin thickness was found higher in every treatment group.Similar results are found from EGF protein levels.Fermented cow milk with Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were found to have a thicker epidermal and higher level of EGF protein level.Milk fermented by Bifidobacterium bifidum showed the most significant effect in regenerating skin tissue.Therefore, it might prevent the skin aging process compared to the other formulations.Compared to conventional fermented milk, the composition of soy milk might enhance this positive effect of fermented milk on the skin.
Currently, there is limited understanding about hormonal regulation of mitochondrial turnover. Thyroid hormone (T3) increases oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage mitochondria. However, the mechanism for maintenance of mitochondrial activity and quality control by this hormone is not known. Here, we used both in vitro and in vivo hepatic cell models to demonstrate that induction of mitophagy by T3 is coupled to oxidative phosphorylation and ROS production. We show that T3 induction of ROS activates CAMKK2 (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, β) mediated phosphorylation of PRKAA1/AMPK (5′ AMP-activated protein kinase), which in turn phosphorylates ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1) leading to its mitochondrial recruitment and initiation of mitophagy. Furthermore, loss of ULK1 in T3-treated cells impairs both mitophagy as well as OXPHOS without affecting T3 induced general autophagy/lipophagy. These findings demonstrate a novel ROS-AMPK-ULK1 mechanism that couples T3-induced mitochondrial turnover with activity, wherein mitophagy is necessary not only for removing damaged mitochondria but also for sustaining efficient OXPHOS.
Strenuous physical activity will induced higher Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level in human body that can be measured by serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Malondialdehyde is product of lipid peroxidation process that define as oxidative damage of lipid biomolecule by reactivity of reactive oxygen species. Still, the dynamic pattern of Malondialdehyde (MDA) level under strenuous exercise is not fully understood. Potent antioxidant such as Astaxanthin and training may be altered the level of MDA. Thus, purpose of this study is to understand effect of astaxanthin to MDA dynamic pattern on training male after strenuous physical activity. It was a double blind, experimental study, conducted on thirty young male age, divided into untrained and trained groups. Supplement Astaxanthin was given to 15 subject as well as placebo for one week after supplementation, Subjects were tested with anaerobic strenuous physical activity. The values were analyzed with ANOVA test followed by Duncan test showed that in every groups, mean of MDA before test was similar, start increase significantly after tested, begin decrease at 6th hour post test and back to baseline at 24th hour post-test ( p<0.05), except for group of untrained male with placebo still increase twice from baseline. The lowest mean of MDA was found on group of trained male with Astaxanthin supplementation and the highest was found on group of untrained male with placebo (p<0.05). These findings support that Astaxanthin and training might has positive effect to oxidative stress condition without altered its dynamic pattern in male after strenuous physical activity
