The aim of this study was to identify floristic composition, introduce main plants species, classify vegetation and determine species groups (types) in the chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) sites in Guilan province, north of Iran. Sampling was done in selective method and 68 sampling plots were taken to access the information of vegetation cover in Shafarood (10 Plots) and Emamzadeh-Ebrahim (58 plots). Results indicated that there were 45 and 55 plant species in Shafarood and Emamzadeh- Ebrahim, respectively. Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) revealed 6 plant species groups in woody and herbaceous layer separately. Also, the main plant specie were Ilex spinigera, Carpinus betulus, Castanea sativa, Diospyros lotus, Gleditsia caspica and Prunus divaricata in woody species layer and Poa sp., Pteridium aquilinum, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Mentha aquatica, Pteris cretica, Oxalis corniculata and Hypericum androsaemum in herbaceous layer according to species important value index (SIV).
Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research-from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non-forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC-BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599. To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology-from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.
The aim of this study was to investigate vegetation composition in hardwood and conifers Plantation in 220 ha of Pinus taeda and alder and poplar hardwood plantation and its comparison with natural forests in Bibiyanlu protected forest park at Astara. A total of 60 sampling plots of 1000 m2 by randomly-systematic method using 150 × 150 m grid in plantation and 200 × 200 m in natural forest was implemented. Rosaceae and Aspidiaceae family had the highest species richness in the study area, respectively. The results of the classification of life forms based on Rankayer method showed that Hemicryptophytes and Phanerophytes with total of 67% were the important in the area. Studying the geographical distribution of plants showed that the most species belongs to Europe - Siberian in the study area. To study the biodiversity, Shannon - Wiener diversity index, Simpson's index, Hill evenness index and richness indices were used. The results of this research showed that there are significant difference for diversity and richness indices between natural forest and plantation. Diversity and richness indices in natural forest were more than Taeda pine, Poplar and Alnus plantation.
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