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    Multidimensional Overruling Effects of Large Versus Small-Medium Trees on Aboveground Carbon Storage in Temperate Deciduous Forests: Testing Diverse Concepts and Approachesresearch Article, for Submission to: Forest Ecology and Management
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    Keywords:
    Temperate deciduous forest
    Temperate rainforest
    Temperate forest
    Temperate forest ecosystems are most extensively found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and less extensively in the Southern Hemisphere. The specific regions containing temperate forests include: Europe, North America, Asia, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Northern temperate forests are often composed of deciduous trees that drop their leaves each year, providing a supply of rich nutrients to animals and plants as they decompose. Southern temperate forests, on the other hand, are primarily composed of broad‐leaved evergreen trees that keep their leaves year round. Most temperate forest ecosystems are heavily exploited and degraded. The underlying bedrock and geology of temperate forests around the world are highly variable, as are the soils, vegetation communities, disturbances, and plant adaptations found within them.
    Temperate rainforest
    Temperate forest
    Temperate deciduous forest
    Temperate deciduous forest
    Temperate rainforest
    Temperate forest
    Mesophyte
    Temperate deciduous forest
    Temperate rainforest
    Temperate forest
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    Temperate deciduous forest
    Temperate forest
    Temperate rainforest
    Steppe
    Vegetation types
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    Two types of forests in Northeast China is divided in this paper,that is,the decidu-ous forests in the northern part and the deciduous-evergreen forests in the eastern part.Both distri-butions of the two types of forests have also been pre sented.Meanwhile,the development and suc-cession as well as components of forests have been studied in detail.in the end,the vertical distribu-tion of the deciduous forests have been shown,in which,the near-temperate cold temperate decidu-ous coniferous forests are distributing in the low elevation area between 450m—600m from the northto the south,the typical siberian cold temperate deciduous coniferous forests are widely distributingfrom 450m—820m in the north to 600m—1050m in the south, the humid cold temperate deciduousconiferous forests can only be found in high elevation area from 820m—1100m in the north to1050m—1380m in the south,the cold temperate deciduous coniferous open forests can seldom ap-pear at the top of a few peaks.
    Temperate deciduous forest
    Temperate rainforest
    Temperate forest
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    Abstract Temperate deciduous forests are one of the most visible biomes on Earth because of their autumn aesthetics and because they harbor some of the most heavily populated regions. Their ability to attract visitors may increase opportunities for people to experience nature, which has been linked to greater conservation action. Identifying regions with high leaf-peeping opportunities and regions where color has been lost to landscape conversion may help to inform these connections. We use spatial overlay analyses to quantify temperate deciduous forest coverage, disturbance, and protections in each U.S. ecoregion. We evaluated recent (1984-2016) and predicted (2016-2050) disturbance under extreme future scenarios. Almost all ecoregions saw a decline in deciduous forest cover between 1985 and 2016. Some ecoregions with the greatest opportunities for leaf-peeping are also underrepresented in the protected areas network and vulnerable to additional losses. Under economic-growth forecasting scenarios, losses are predicted to continue. However, environmentally focused scenarios suggest there is still opportunity to reverse deciduous forest loss in some ecoregions. Differences in forest loss between predictions scenarios emphasize the importance of human approaches in securing environmental stability. Increasing public exposure to temperate forests may help ensure conservation of more natural areas and preserve the quantity and quality of autumn forest viewing. Key Points Temperate deciduous forests aesthetics attract visitors to experience nature, but degradation and loss can hinder connections. US ecoregions with the greatest leaf-peeping opportunities are underrepresented in the protected areas and vulnerable to additional losses. Differences in predictions scenarios emphasize the importance of conservation action, which may be linked to human connections with nature.
    Temperate deciduous forest
    Ecoregion
    Temperate rainforest
    Temperate forest
    Biome
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    Temperate deciduous forest
    Temperate rainforest
    Temperate forest
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