We have prepared epitaxial (100)CeO2 thin films on LaAlO3, sapphire, and yttria-stabilized zirconia using pulsed laser deposition. It is demonstrated in this letter that the CeO2 films are chemically and structurally compatible to the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO). Epitaxial YBCO films on CeO2/LaAlO3 had a zero resistance temperature and critical current density in a zero field of 90 K and 5.9×106 A/cm2 at 75 K, respectively. Furthermore, epitaxial multilayers of CeO2/YBCO were prepared. This work demonstrated that CeO2 is an excellent buffer layer material for the high-temperature superconductors.
High Tc superconducting thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-(delta ) (YBCO) were deposited on sapphire substrates with buffer layers of yttria-stabilized zirconia and cerium oxide by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The epitaxial relationship between the substrate and buffer layers as well as the buffer layer and the superconducting film was established. Furthermore, using the same thin film technique, YBCO superconducting thin films were deposited on both sides of substrates of up to 5 cm in diameter. The superconducting properties of the films on both the sapphire with buffer layers and large-area substrates were comparable to the ones of the best YBCO films.
Non American Indians categorize many urban Indians by their behavioral and emotional modes of adaptation to their social situations. Three images of Indians have developed: the savage, the child, and the noble of the forest (the stoic Indian). The images of the savage and the child come into play when the Indian encounters the dominant society since he does not share the values of the dominant society, i.e., individualism, competition, materialism, and goal orientation. Indian people are a people, living closely, without much individual privacy, within large extended families. All Indian adults assume some aspect of the parental role with all children. They have developed a sensitivity which enables them to feel empathy for another person. This leads to close psychological ties between group members. However, when Indians are moved into an urban area, they are confronted with situations that make such qualities of sharing and caring dangerous. The tribal supports are gone. He is separated from his peers, family ties, and psychic upport. All emotional support must become individualized. Yet, Indian people are generally psychologically sturdy and have a low rate of psychosis of any kind. (NQ)
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