Abstract Composites of functional materials have long been synthesized for achieving enhanced physical and chemical properties. In this era of energy intensive electronics and electric vehicles, energy storage devices utilising composite materials could offer improved performance at a lower cost. Furthermore, if the composite materials are synthesized in one-dimensional morphology at a nano level, conductivity and thus electrical properties could be multiplied. A range of materials with different functionalities have been synthesized by our group recently; as a typical example synthesis of a composite nanowire containing NiO and CuO for supercapacitive energy storage is detailed in this paper and compared the performance of the composite wires with its component binary wires. The materials were synthesized by electrospinning technique and characterized for their structure, microstructure, surface properties and electrochemical properties. The results shows that a composite wire containing materials for similar electrical conductivity would lead to improved charge storage performance than their single component counterparts.
Various homogeneous aqueous solutions of high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ (HTS YBCO) have been prepared successfully during the last years. These HTS YBCO were synthesized using sol-gel accompanied with an electrospinning technique using plenty polymers and having varieties of concentration ratio. The polymeric solution and amorphous precursor were used to create an atomic level interaction between different salts to prepare HTS YBCO. This review focuses on the basic parameters utilizing in electrospinning process and their effects on the diameter morphologies of HTS YBCO nanostructures. The results showed that increasing applied voltage, polymer concentration ratio in the precursor solution, flow rate injection, viscosity, and the jet or needle diameter systematically enhanced the diameter of the nanostructure.
Bio-inspired algorithms (BIAs) are computational methods following natural principles and processabilities. "Bio-inspired" is a metaphorical expression and refers to the way these algorithms simulate biological functions or claim to target bionic accomplishments, where other conventional algorithms cannot deal with the problem. This chapter compares traditional or conventional approaches with BIAs for disease diagnosis, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. We discuss the principles and mechanisms of each approach, including their advantages and limitations in terms of accuracy, interpretability, and efficiency. Case studies of successful BIAs applications are presented, and future directions and challenges are discussed. The chapter provides a thorough understanding of the role of traditional approaches and BIAs in disease diagnosis.
Although hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) membranes containing a small amount of ceramic filler are promising electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-metal batteries (ASSLMBs), they face various challenges while charging at high cut-off voltages. In this study, we prepared a high voltage-friendly flexible hierarchical interconnected hybrid solid electrolyte (HIHSE) membrane through polymer-based solution injection into a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected c-LALZO framework (Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12, fabricated using a template method). The HIHSE membrane possessed bulk (σb), grain boundary (σgb), and total ionic conductivities of 4.54, 0.30, and 0.28 mS cm–1, respectively, with a Li+ ion transference number of 0.66 and an electrochemical stability window of up to 4.90 V (vs Li/Li+). The HIHSE membrane also displayed desirable Li plating/stripping performance, with very stable voltage hysteresis at a current density of 0.2 mA cm–2 over 800 h. A Li2MoO4@LiN0.8C0.1M0.1O2 (LMO@NCM811)/HIHSE/Li full cell exhibited an excellent capacity retention of 86.14% after 400 cycles, with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.27%, when operated at a rate of 0.5C in the voltage range of 2.6–4.2 V at room temperature (RT). Moreover, a cell with similar formulation delivered an excellent capacity output of 197.55 mAh g–1, with an excellent capacity retention of 89.22% after 100 cycles and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.11% at a rate of 0.1C in the potential range of 2.6–4.5 V at RT. Surprisingly, the performance of an ASSLMB incorporating our HIHSE membrane maximized at the upper limit potential of 4.5 V. Hence, ASSLMBs featuring such HIHSE membranes have great potential for use in high-voltage cathode materials while also increasing the energy density of Li-metal batteries.
A flower shaped manganese oxide have been synthesized using simple and low temperature procedure. Subsequently, an asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated using manganese oxide and activated carbon as positive and negative electrode in aqueous electrolyte. The supercapacitor was measured at open windows 2.0 V showing energy density of 25.79 Wh/kg at power density of 100 W/kg. The supercapacitor stability was tested at 3 A/g and showing specific capacitance retention of 95% after 850 cycles
Highly efficient and durable catalysts are increasingly sought in water electrolysis, particularly for resolving the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. Herein, ternary phosphides in the palladium–nickel–phosphorus system developed via a simple reduction approach as hollow and dense nanostructures (PdNiP-H and PdNiP-D, respectively) are shown to overcome the kinetic drawbacks of Pd and deliver superior alkaline OER activity. The PdNiP-H showed OER activity at a significantly lower overpotential (300 mV) and Tafel slope (48 mV dec–1) in addition to having a longer stability than the corresponding dense particles (PdNiP-D) (330 mV and 49 mV dec–1) and the commercial benchmark, RuO2 (360 mV and 67 mV dec–1), in half-cell conditions. While combining experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, these enhancements are shown to arise from surface properties and the modified electronic environment of the ternary phosphide as well as by the enhanced charge transfer sites due to the hollow architecture. DFT calculations identify the density of states (DOS) and support Pd lattice alteration, the shift in the d band center, and the subsequent modification in electronic properties of Pd that is favorable for OER. The phosphodization methodology adopted here highlights an efficient strategy for generating a range of morphologies of ternary phosphides as sustainable and stable energy conversion/storage materials.