Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as the pollutants of highest priority, and their remediation is of a global concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phytoremediation potential of Hedera helix (Hh) determining the content of 16 priority PAHs in its soil and root samples collected from the rural and industrial zones of the Bor's municipality (Serbia). The content of Ʃ16 PAHs in the soils was: 326.49 mg/kg at the site Borsko jezero to maximal 1937.64 mg/kg at the site Slatinsko naselje. The level of soil pollution (depending on the concentration of S16 PAHs), was high at many tested sites and it was under the significant influence of anthropogenic activities. The concentration for S16 PAHs in the samples of roots ranged from 480.71 mg/kg at the site Krivelj to 1748.32 mg/kg at the site Naselje Sunce. Interestingly, the extremely toxic benzo(a)pyrene, was not detected in the roots of Hh. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were applied to determine the capacity of Hh for PAH accumulation in the root, and consequently, for determination of its phytostabilization potential. In most cases, BCF values were higher at the locations from UI zone. The calculated BCFs were higher for LMW PAHs than for HMW PAHs. At the majority of the investigated locations, the tested plant species was especially successful in the root accumulation of the compounds such as acenaphthene, fluorene, anthracene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and the sum of benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(b)fluoranthene. These findings showed that Hh can be successfully used in phytostabilization of many PAHs.
The aim of this work was to investigate the phytomonitoring potentials of Hedera helix L. from the Bors municipality concerning (atmospheric) Pyrene as a well-known hazardous substance. The results of gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the unwashed stems and leaves showed that Pyrene concentrations obviously varied at all selected rural and urban/industrial zones (RZ and UIZ). These first signs of various sources of Pyrene in the investigated area were later supported by the results of the performed Pearson's correlation analysis, which showed that the detected Pyrene concentrations came not only from the vicinal heating and smelting plants, as the main sources of pollution in the whole region but also from the domestic heating in RZ, or forest fires, or controlled fires in the cultivated fields, and finally from the traffic in all zones. The correlation analysis also signalized that at some locations, the detected concentrations (especially in stems) came not only from the atmosphere but also from the soil. The calculated factor R confirmed the sites with the greatest atmospheric impact. Very high R values were calculated for 3 sites (two in UIZ and one in RZ) with the highest value of 1.61. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the investigated stems and leaves, with the applied chemical and statistical analyses, and the calculation of R factor, can serve as a useful tool in the atmospheric Pyrene phytomonitoring.
The aim of this work was to investigate the phytomonitoring potentials of Hedera helix L. from the Bor`s municipality concerning (atmospheric) Pyrene as a well-known hazardous substance. The results of gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the unwashed stems and leaves showed that Pyrene concentrations obviously varied at all selected rural and urban/industrial zones (RZ and UIZ). These first signs of various sources of Pyrene in the investigated area were later supported by the results of the performed Pearson’s correlation analysis, which showed that the detected Pyrene concentrations came not only from the vicinal heating and smelting plants, as the main sources of pollution in the whole region but also from the domestic heating in RZ, or forest fires, or controlled fires in the cultivated fields, and finally from the traffic in all zones. The correlation analysis also signalized that at some locations, the detected concentrations (especially in stems) came not only from the atmosphere but also from the soil. The calculated factor R confirmed the sites with the greatest atmospheric impact. Very high R values were calculated for 3 sites (two in UIZ and one in RZ) with the highest value of 1.61. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the investigated stems and leaves, with the applied chemical and statistical analyses, and the calculation of R factor, can serve as a useful tool in the atmospheric Pyrene phytomonitoring.
In this paper, the phytoremediation potential of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv Tamjanika in regard to lithium (Li) was investigated using chemical and statistical analysis, as well as the calculation of bioaccumulation and enrichment factors. Plant and soil material was collected from the Bor region. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that plants of the grapevine cv Tamjanika acted as exluders of Li which may candidate this plant species as a suitable choice for phytostabilization purposes. Its application in phytoextraction could not be estimated due to the fact that detected Li concentrations in the aboveground parts could not be considered as a real bioaccumulation. However, based on Li contents in unwashed aboveground parts (especially in leaves) it was possible to detect that particular part of Li load which came from the atmosphere, i.e. from the industrial facilities of the Copper Mining and Smelting Complex Bor which may point to their biomonitoring potential.
Abstract One of the goals of this research was to develop an electrochemical sensor that had the ability to determine the target analyte and was both cheap and non-toxic. Another goal was to influence the reduction of electronic waste. In accordance with these, a graphite rod from zinc-carbon batteries was used to prepare an electrochemical sensor for the determination of L-tryptophan in Britton–Robinson buffer solution. Two electrochemical methods were used in the experimental research, differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. The effect of different parameters, including the pH value of supporting solution, scan rate, as well as the concentration of L-tryptophan on the current response, was studied. The pH value of Britton–Robinson buffer influenced the intensity of L-tryptophan oxidation peak, as well as the peak potential. The intensity of the current response was the highest at pH 4.0, while the peak potential value became lower as the pH increased, indicating that protons also participated in the redox reaction. Based on the obtained data, electrochemical oxidation of L-tryptophan at the graphite electrode was irreversible, two electron/two proton reaction. In addition, it was observed that the oxidation peak increased as the scan rate increased. According to the obtained electrochemical data, it was suggested that the oxidation of L-tryptophan was mixed controlled by adsorption and diffusion. The linear correlation between oxidation peak and L-tryptophan concentration was investigated in the range 5.0–150.0 µM and the obtained values of limit of detection and limit of quantification were 1.73 µM and 5.78 µM, respectively. Also, the prepared electrochemical sensor was successful in determination of target analyte in milk and apple juice samples.