Studies on Differentiation of Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Four Hosts to Strawberry
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Twenty-three isolates of Botrytis cinerea Pers. were obtained from the diseased tissue collected in Hefei,Bengbu,Changfeng and Hexian,by means of tissue isolating method. The pathogenicity of the isolates of B. cinerea from different hosts to the fruits and leaves of strawberry were investigated by applying mycelial block wound inoculation,respectively. The preliminary results showed that all of the tested isolates caused occurrence of grey mould on strawberry fruits and leaves,but there be significant difference in the average diameters of the lesions caused by different isolates and there was difference in the different strawberry varieties,suggesting that there was significant differentiation in pathogenicity of B. cinerea to strawberry fruits and leaves among isolates. According to the average diameters of the lesions caused to strawberry fruits and leaves,the pathogenicity of the all isolates was classified into three categories:strong,intermediate and weak. In general,the isolates from strawberry and tomato were more strongly pathogenic to the fruits and leaves of strawberry,and the isolate from capsicum was weakly pathogenic to strawberry fruits and leaves. However,there was difference in pathogenicity among the different isolates from the same host,and the pathogenicity difference was not obviously related to the localities of isolates.Keywords:
Fragaria
Botrytis
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Botrytis cinerea and recently B. mali have been identified as important postharvest pathogens of apples in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Three isolates of both B. cinerea and B. mali were studied alone and in combination by inoculating mature ‘Gala’ apple fruit to compare their potential for causing decay. The fruit were incubated at 20°C for 6 and 8 days when lesion areas were calculated from lesion diameters. The lesion areas in apples inoculated with B. cinerea ranged from 1020 to 1514 mm 2 compared to 130 to 293 mm 2 for B. mali after 6 days. Primers developed to specifically amplify B. mali or B. cinerea were used in a PCR test to determine which Botrytis spp. was present in a particular lesion and estimate the quantity of each species. Relative fluorescent intensity of DNA extracted from apple tissue co-inoculated with B. cinerea + B. mali and amplified with the B. cinerea specific primer averaged 102.3%. On the other hand, the fluorescence produced by the B. mali primer averaged only 11.6% from the same DNA samples. These results confirmed that when both B. cinerea and B. mali are mixed together, B. cinerea becomes the dominant pathogen. Accepted for publication 2 July 2010. Published 20 September 2010.
Primer (cosmetics)
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Fusarium solani is an emerging pathogen reported on Spanish strawberry crops both in nurseries and in fruit production fields, causing wilt and root rot. Pathogenicity, morphocultural characteristics, and sensitivity to biocides of 103 F. solani isolates recovered from symptomatic strawberry plants and soils from both Spanish strawberry areas were determined. The differences of isolates within and between nurseries and field crops in relation to these parameters were analyzed. Considerable variability in morphological and pathogenic characteristics was observed among the isolates in both areas. The majority of isolates were not pathogenic (62%), and only 38 F. solani isolates (37.62%) caused disease on strawberry plants under controlled conditions; 52.63% of pathogenic isolates induced low severity symptoms. Almost 70% of pathogenic isolates caused stunting on plants. The morphological characters that best explain the F. solani variability (86.85%) were colony color and the presence of macroconidia on culture medium. The sensitivity to the fumigants tested was similar between the isolates from nurseries and fruit production fields, showing greater sensitivity to the field doses of dazomet and chloropicrin. However, the isolates were less sensitive to metam sodium and poorly sensitive to 1,3-dichloropropene. This work can contribute to the advancement of sustainable production of strawberry.
Fusarium solani
Root rot
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Botrytis
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Fruit rot
Fragaria
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Botrytis
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Entophytic fungi are characterized as microorganisms that colonize plant tissues without causing infection symptoms. These organisms are sources of genetic and biochemical diversity for numerous applications, from the production of pharmaceutical compounds to foods. However, many of these fungi can become pathogenic to plants if they find suitable substrate for their infection and development. Neofusicoccum spp. has been considered a phytopathogenic fungus for many agricultural crops, being aggressive for some of them both in their woody parts or fruits, either while still in the orchards or after being harvested. The identification and pathogenicity of the isolates are two important aspects for their characterization. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize the pathogenicity of two endophytic isolates of the fungus Neofusicoccum sp. in different fruits in the post-harvest process. Therefore, isolates identity confirmation was obtained using Bayesian reconstruction of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF 1-α). Subsequently, the isolates were inoculated in zucchini, banana, persimmon, green beans, guava, orange, apple, melon, papaya and tomato, followed by a 10-day evaluation in order to calculate the areas under the disease progress curve. Phylogenetic reconstruction allowed identification of two isolates of the endophytic fungus of Brazilian cherry leaves as Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, which were confirmed as pathogenic for the following fruits: Brazilian cherry, papaya, tomato, banana and apple, with variations in aggressiveness. However, no infections were found in zucchini, melon and guava by any of the isolates. This is believed to be the first occurrence of N. kwambonambiense isolated from plants of Eugenia uniflora, with pathogenicity in different post-harvest fruits.
Melon
Pathogenic fungus
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Pseudomonas syringae
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Potato dextrose agar
Botrytis
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Root rot
Phytophthora capsici
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