Abstract:
The topic was hybrid corn. In 1949, the open pollinated varieties of sweet corn are gradually being replaced by improved sweet corn hybrids. Varieties of poor as well as excellent quality exist in both open pollinated and hybrid sorts. Although the best open pollinated varieties are better than many hybrids, they are generally inferior to the better hybrids in the various maturity seasons. For a complete succession of maturities, five selected hybrids
would mature over a period of about four weeks.Keywords:
Open pollination
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Grain sorghum hybrids, which promise to
meet the pressure for more efficient production
much as corn hybrids met a similar need 25 years
ago, will be grown by American farmers on a
limited scale this year. Tests of selected hybrids
in sevenstates showed a substantial increase over
the production of standard varieties of similar
maturity in 1954 and 1955.
Caution is advised in making seed purchases -- farmers should buy only tested hybrids. Initial
plantings of hybrids should be grown with standard
varieties for comparison.
Continuing research will result in improved
hybrids and will indicate the areas best suited to
each.
Plant production
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Ecological adaptation and yield cxpression of 17special corn hybrids in Shihhotze Region of Xinjiang,introduced from the inland of China,were analyzed,based on the growth duration and yield.The results showed that the three corn hybrids with high protein,the tow corn hybrids with high starch and the three corn hybrids with high oil have popularization value,in Shihhotze region and the other places whose ecological conditions can be adapted by all above those corn hybrids.Among them,the three corn hybrids with high protein and high oil can be popularized to be grown in agricultural area.The tow ensiling corn hybrids,being late growth duration,is limited to be popularized.
Maize Yield
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In 1967, selected standard 75 to 105 relative maturity open pedigree corn hybrids and new hybrids were tested annually for grain and silage yields in
agronomy plots at Fargo, North Dakota. Those attributes which make corn hybrids more dependable are presented in this article.
Silage
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The study was carried to investigate the differential response of some maize hybrids and their open pollinated parents to low and high nitrogen soil condition. Ten open-pollinated varieties were crossed in a partial diallel fashion to generate 45 F1 hybrids during the 2011 cropping season at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The 45 F1 hybrids and the ten parents were evaluated in four environments at Mokwa and Zaria in August, 2012 under high and low N conditions with two different levels of nitrogen application (30kgha-1 and 90kgha-1) respectively.Hybrids recorded shorter plant height under the two different nitrogen fertilizer conditions compare with open pollinated parents. Thus the hybrids are better for mechanical harvesting. Taller ear height was observed among the hybrids compare with the open pollinated parents; rate of stem and root lodging were consequently higher among the hybrids. Hybrid had better husk cover under both nitrogen fertilizer regime; that's they will be less susceptible to insect and animal attack.Mean difference of ear per plant between the maize hybrids and open pollinated parents was not significant. Significant difference was observed between maize hybrids and their parents for grain yield under low and high fertilizer regimes. That the hybrids had higher grain yield under both nitrogen fertilizer regime; indicates the tolerance of maize hybrid to low-N condition than the parental varieties. Low-N environment seemed to favor shorter day to silk for maize hybrid, however, high nitrogen soil condition appeared to increase day to silk. It is an evidence that flowering and consequently maturity time is delayed under favorable nitrogen soil environments.Days to 50% pollen shed are significantly different among the maize hybrids and their parents. The maize hybrids attained day to pollen earlier than the parents under both fertilizer regime. It is an indication that setting of maize grain occur earlier among hybrids than their open pollinated parents.
Open pollination
Tropical Agriculture
Nitrogen fertilizer
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Citations (3)
Relevance . The State Register of agricultural crops recommended for sowing on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan includes 47 hybrids and varieties of sweet pepper. Of these, 8 varieties and one F1 hybrid of domestic selection and 31 F1 hybrids of foreign selection (State Register, 2021). However, many of them, especially those of foreign selection, do not meet the requirements of the local market and are not adapted to local climatic conditions. In this regard, a preliminary test of varieties and hybrids included in the State Register, as well as F1 hybrids offered by foreign producers, was carried out in order to identify the most promising varieties for the conditions of the Central zone of Uzbekistan. Material and research methods . A preliminary tests included 20 varieties and F1 hybrids: 7 varieties and 1 hybrid F1 of domestic selection, 2 varieties and 10 F1 hybrids of foreign selection. The experiments were laid on the experimental base of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Results . As a result of a comprehensive assessment of 20 varieties and hybrids of F1 sweet pepper, promising samples were identified for both breeding and industrial use. The sources of early maturity can be the Abai and Claudio hybrids, with the duration of the period "seedlings - biological ripeness of fruits" 97-99 days. To create large-fruited varieties in breeding work, F1 hybrids should be used: Procraft, Dallas, Magno, Claudio, Gemini and Zumrad variety. For breeding thick-walled and very thick-walled varieties and hybrids, the varieties Dar Tashkenta, Sabo, Nargiza, Lastochka, Podarok Moldova, Shodlik, Zumrad, etc., as well as F1 hybrids Procraft, Cadia should be used. High total (43.0-54.1 t/ha) and marketable (40.1-50.5 t/ha) yield was noted in hybrids F1. The most promising hybrids are Cadia, Procraft, Magno, Dallas with a total yield of 50.1-54.1 t/ha, against 47.5 t/ha for the F1 Zhaikhun standard. The total and marketable yield of the tested varieties was significantly lower compared to hybrids F1 and amounted to 33.5-38.6 and 30.7-35.7 t/ha, respectively.
Ripeness
Plant Breeding
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'Jinzhumi',a superior early single cross hybrid of fruit sweet corn with light yellow,was bred by crossbreeding between the sweet corn inbred lines H27 and H26.Its mature stage was relatively early,being 75-77 d from emergence to picking in Shanghai area and 6 d earlier than that of 'Yuetian 3'(CK).Its yield was 13 365 kg/hm~2.Its ears had good appearance and good table quality.
New Variety
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According to the data of Guangdong sweet corn hybrids regional test during 2000～2006,the performance of the main characters,such as maturity period,plant height,disease resistance,single ear weight,yield and comprehensive quality of 152 hybrids were analyzed.The results showed that the medium maturity hybrids made up a larger percent while the early maturity hybrids with high quality,a smaller one.The ratio of medium stalk hybrids is 84.9% while dwarf stalk and high stalk hybrids were 7.2% and 7.9% respectively.The disease-resistance to leaf blight,stem rot blight and banded sacerdotal was quite good in spite of their individual difference in the resistance.The spike yield,the number and ratio of hybrids with good-quality,high-yield shared a great increase.The breeding enjoyed a great improvement.It is concluded that the breeding of sweet corn in Guangdong is good-quality,high-yield and multi-resistance oriented.
Stalk
High resistance
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The topic is hybrid sunflowers with greater uniformity and higher yields. sunflowers displayed a distinct yield advantages over open-pollinated varieties, hybrids had not been grown commercially in the United States because of high labor costs involved in producing the seed and difficulty in obtaining
seed that would be 100 % hybrid. This article presents performance data on high-oil sunflower hybrids as compared to open-pollinated varieties grown in North Dakota in 1972. In summary, the authors stated, Hybrid sunflower varieties had significantly higher yields and greater uniformity for rust reaction, flowering, height, head size and per cent seed oil than open-pollinated varieties. As a result of improved methods of seed production, hybrids can now be produced for commercial production.
Open pollination
Hybrid seed
Rust (programming language)
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The increased size and vigor of hybrids between plant varieties and species had been known for centuries. The transition from open-pollinated to hybrid maize was astonishingly rapid. The greater uniformity of hybrids was useful for mechanized harvesting, and this was undoubtedly a factor for rapid transition. The hybrids could also incorporate favorable qualitative traits and be adapted to different habitats, especially length of growing season. The hybrids in maize were introduced through two-way crosses and four-way crosses. The next major change came with the increasing practicality of single cross hybrids. Eventually, in the 1960s, single crosses began replacing double crosses. Not only were the single crosses higher yielding than double crosses, but they were even more uniform. With the coming of single crosses, not only did the yield show a sudden increase, but the rate of increase improved. After single-crosses predominated, the annual increase was almost 2 quintals per acre. This was American scenario, whereas in India the maize hybrids were introduced as early as 1940’ with development and release of first Indian hybrids, i.e., VL Makka hybrid 42 from VPKAS, Almora. All the inbred included the American materials. It took almost three and half decades in India to have its first single cross hybrid. This was due to the fact that we always has shortage of inbreds in early maturity group
Economic shortage
Agricultural experiment station
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