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The article provides a comparative analysis of the existing spatial structure of urban settlement of the two largest agglomerations of our country – Moscow and St. Petersburg. Quantitative (dynamics of the number of settlements with the status of a city, dynamics of the population of cities, the number of houses under construction and the total area of residential units under construction) and qualitative (analysis of the automobile and railway networks) indicators are used. The following scientific methods are used in the work: statistical, geostructural, cartographic modeling, grouping method. 2002–2021 the two agglomerations are characterized by positive trends in population growth, which are associated with migration growth. The supporting framework of the Moscow agglomeration is represented by a uniform radial-circular type with a mixed monopolycentric model with a dominant core and the presence of large sub-centers, while the St. Petersburg agglomeration is a coastal type with a pronounced monocentric model and exclusive dominance of the core. On the basis of the existing supporting frames, to determine the stages of development of two agglomerations, a spatial typology of cities was carried out depending on the degree of their remoteness from the corresponding central points (nuclei). As a result, five orders (belts) with averaged transport availability isochrones were identified. Transformation processes of staged agglomeration development proceed most intensively within the entire Moscow agglomeration, which is at the stage of suburbanization. In the St. Petersburg agglomeration, the most active urbanized zone are cities located at distances of up to 50 km from the central point of the core, and it is characterized by a transition from the urbanization stage to the suburbanization stage
Urban agglomeration
Suburbanization
Dominance (genetics)
Human settlement
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Latin American cities, like those from North America and Europe, experience problems of urban sprawl. However, few studies have dedicated exclusively to this phenomenon in specific cities, and this omission is particularly noticeable regarding cities not considered among the megalopolis of the continent. The present work analyzes urban sprawl through an urban form in the Concepción Metropolitan Area, Chile, between 1990 and 2009, considering local aspects that may have played a role in the process. The main empirical results obtained from this study reveal a metropolitan area that has expanded intensely over a 20-year period, growing from 9000 hectares to more than 17,000 ha for a 96% increment in the built-up area. The new urban surfaces consolidate a central conurbation that strengthens the role of the main downtowns, with less-intense occupation towards the sub-centers but in a structure that follows the transportation infrastructure. Over the last 20 years, the distance between the shapes has grown progressively by around 2 km, increasing the size of the ellipse by more than 1000 km2. In particular the complexity of the urbanized surfaces has grown, becoming more irregular in shape and less compact as they come to occupy larger areas. So our principal findings include: an increment of nearly 100% in the urban surface, the importance of a polycentric urban structure in the process of consolidation as a support for analyzing different spatial dynamics, and the growing morphological irregularity of the territory of the sprawl.
Urban sprawl
Conurbation
Compact city
Urban agglomeration
Megalopolis
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According to GDP(without agriculture) data of all the 661 cities in China,this paper integrates the methods of spatial autocorrelation and urban field strength,and analyzes the space-time evolution of urban field strength and spatial autocorrelation.It is concluded that huge cities such as Beijing and Shanghai,have formed the circle structure of urban influence on the whole country.More mega cities have regional-wide influence,such as Wuhan,Zhengzhou,Chongqing and Chengdu.Many big cities only have local-wide influence,and are forming a multi-center structure.Cities in coastal areas have much greater influences than those in inland areas.Besides,there are significant connections and interactions among cities in large megalopolises.The largest three megalopolises or urban agglomerations,i.e.,Pearl River Delta,Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,have developed rapidly.The regional patterns of urban agglomerations,such as southern Liaoning and Shandong Peninsula,have already emerged.However,there are weaker correlations among the cities in inland areas which are in independent status.Although the patterns of influence of cities in China varied slowly,great changes have taken place.With the booming economy,the regions affected by urban expansion have accelerated the development of related urban agglomerations.
Urban agglomeration
Shandong peninsula
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Given its unpredictable nature, urban sprawl in the Mediterranean region is considered an intriguing (and intricate) socioeconomic issue. Since the 1970s, urban dispersion advanced rapidly in southern Europe—irrespective of a city’s size and morphology—with urbanization rates growing faster than population. A comparison between the metropolitan areas of Barcelona, Rome and Athens reveals how sprawl has occurred in different ways in the three cities, highlighting peculiar relationships between urbanization, land-use and economic structures. Sharing common drivers of change related to population dynamics, socio-spatial structure and deregulated urban expansion, sprawl has adapted to the local economic, cultural and environmental context. Barcelona shows a dispersion pattern towards a more spatially-balanced morphology, with expanding sub-centres distributed around the central city, Rome appears to be mostly scattered around the historical city with fragmented urban fabric and heterogeneous economic functions, Athens is denser, with polarized economic spaces and social segregation. Understanding how place-specific factors influence processes of settlement dispersion in Mediterranean contexts may inform policies of urban containment and land-use management.
Urban sprawl
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Urban Morphology
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Urban agglomeration
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Abstract The paper contributes to the understanding of socio‐spatial trends and urban systems in Europe, with a specific focus on smaller settlements. First, a morphological delimitation of urban settlements as geographical base is used to identify the different settlement structures that characterise regions across Europe. Secondly, an analysis of population and GDP performances of NUTS 3 regions for the 29 countries of the European space (growth rates in 2001–2011) provides evidence of the variety of territorial phenomena that characterise smaller‐settlement regions across Europe. Finally, the paper highlights the diversity and complexity of urbanisation structures in Europe and how general trends observed at larger scale are articulated locally according to prevailing structures of urbanisation. It shows the character of ‘embeddedness’ of smaller settlements within urban systems and territorial structures and how the socio‐economic performances of smaller‐settlement regions are defined by a combination of macro trends, national contextualisation, local dynamics and regional path dependency.
Human settlement
Settlement (finance)
Embeddedness
Economic base analysis
Macro
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Over the past 60 years, urbanisation and cities have fundamentally transformed the social, economic and political geography of West Africa. The number of people living in cities increased from 5 million in 1950 to 133 million in 2010. During the same period, the number of towns and cities with more than 10 000 inhabitants grew from 159 to close to 2 000. A large majority of these agglomerations are secondary cities and small towns that act as hubs and catalysts for local and regional production and supply chains, as well as for the transfer of goods, people and information, linking the local and regional economies to the global economy. The intensity of the spatial interactions of cities has strongly increased with population growth, urbanisation and higher urban density. This paper, part of ongoing work within the Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat to integrate urbanisation and city growth into analyses of major trends in the region, lays the foundation for the development of a systematic method to capture and describe these spatial interactions. It does so by examining four variables: city size, market potential, urbanisation level and local dominance. These variables, in turn, help to define seven different city groups that can be used to classify West African agglomerations. The initial results of this work reveal the diversity and distinctive behaviours of cities in the region, providing a new perspective on urbanisation dynamics and the influence of spatial variables on urban growth rates, the emergence of new agglomerations and the clustering of cities.
Urban agglomeration
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This paper presents an analysis of urban spatial structure and its trends in the OECD between 2001 and 2011. It does so by using a standardised definition of urban areas in 29 OECD countries as composed of high density cores and their respective commuting zones. While urban population is growing everywhere, the way in which populations locate throughout the urban space differs across OECD cities and countries. The prevalent trend is an increasing dispersion of the population, with growth taking place outside existing centres. However, in specific countries, there are cities experiencing a higher growth in their central cores, while others are strengthening their polycentric structures. Overall, the population has grown more in relatively low-density locations close to the main centre, but outside it. Closeness to sub-centres also proves to be a strong advantage for growth and suggests the emergence of new centralities shaping urban spatial structures.
Closeness
Urban spatial structure
Population density
Urban Structure
Urban Hierarchy
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Over the past 60 years, urbanisation and cities have fundamentally transformed the social, economic and political geography of West Africa. The number of people living in cities increased from 5 million in 1950 to 133 million in 2010. During the same period, the number of towns and cities with more than 10 000 inhabitants grew from 159 to close to 2 000. A large majority of these agglomerations are secondary cities and small towns that act as hubs and catalysts for local and regional production and supply chains, as well as for the transfer of goods, people and information, linking the local and regional economies to the global economy. The intensity of the spatial interactions of cities has strongly increased with population growth, urbanisation and higher urban density. This paper, part of ongoing work within the Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat to integrate urbanisation and city growth into analyses of major trends in the region, lays the foundation for the development of a systematic method to capture and describe these spatial interactions. It does so by examining four variables: city size, market potential, urbanisation level and local dominance. These variables, in turn, help to define seven different city groups that can be used to classify West African agglomerations. The initial results of this work reveal the diversity and distinctive behaviours of cities in the region, providing a new perspective on urbanisation dynamics and the influence of spatial variables on urban growth rates, the emergence of new agglomerations and the clustering of cities.
Urban agglomeration
Dominance (genetics)
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
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