Indoor Air Pollution by Formaldehyde in New and Old Buildings Health of Children: Epidemiological Study
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Decreasing Characteristics of Formaldehyde and Benzene Concentrations in Indoor Air After Decoration
Objective To compared the decreasing characteristics of formaldehyde and benzene concentrations in indoor air after decoration. Methods The concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene in indoor air of hotels were determined within one week, one year and more than one year after decoration. Results The concentrations of benzene in indoor air reached the peak(mean: 0.534 mg/m 3) within one week after decoration, and then decreased gradually.The concentrations of formaldehyde were not high within one week after decoration,and then increased gradually, reached the peak (mean: 0.141 mg/m 3) within one year after decoration,then decreased gradually. Conclusion After decoration,the decreasing characteristics of the concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene showed a difference that the concentrations of benzene decreased faster than that of formaldehyde did.
Indoor air
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A method and progress for the determation of formaldehyde indoor air by Gas Chromatography is described.The result showed that the detectionlimits of the method for formaldehyde was 0.01 mg/m3(indoor air);the RDs were -3.2%-6.5%.The methodis simple、rapid and reliable for determining formaldehyde of indoor air.
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As an indoor air toxic gas, formaldehyde is the main pollutant in interior decoration. In current work, we reported a novel formaldehyde gas sensing material and its gas sensing properties were investigated. We found that such novel two dimensional structure show excellent gas sensing performance towards formaldehyde and holding the potential of apply in detection of indoor air. Higher sensor response and faster response and recovery speed are primarily responsible for the unique morphology, leading to sufficient sensing reaction on the surface as well as abundant gas diffusion.
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The formaldehyde content of indoor air in a group of newly constructed and decorated buildings was measured with formaldehyde monitor manufactured by SKC Incorporated. The contents detected were in the range of 0.070～0.373 mg/m3, most of them exceeded 0.1×10-6(φ) of the indoor formaldehyde concentration standard of USA and Canada, and 0.080 mg/m3 of Chinese standard. The determined results indicated that the wood products were the main source of indoor formaldehyde.
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Objective To explore the removal effects of formaldehyde from indoor air and plywood by a formaldehyde-cleaning agent. Methods (1)experiment on removal of formaldehyde in indoor air: 2 newly decorated office rooms were selected, the indoor air was treated by formaldehyde-cleaning agent in one test room, and the other was used as control. After treatment, the concentrations of formaldehyde in two office rooms were measured and compared between them. (2)experiment on the removal effects of formaldehyde in plywood. The plywood samples were selected and divided into two groups, one was treated by formaldehyde- cleaning agent as test group, the other as the control. The emisson of formaldehyde from plywood was measured and compared between two groups. Results The removal efficiencies of formaldehyde in indoor air were 82.94%, 91.43%, 95.69%, at the 24th, 48th, 72th hour after the treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent respectively. The formaldehyde concentration in indoor air of test room met the requirement of the national standard after 72h-treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent. The removal efficiencies of formaldehyde emitted from plywood were 84.71%, 90.55%, 90.96% at the 24th, 48h, 72th hour after the treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent respectively. The emission amount of formaldehyde from plywood met the requirement of the national standard after 24h-treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent. Conclusion Formaldehyde-clearning agent presented significant removal effects on formaldehyde from indoor air and plywood.
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Objective To understand formaldehyde pollution in indoor air and provide evidences for revising the Hygienic Standard for Formaldehyde in Indoor Air.Methods Formaldehyde monitoring data were collected from 2004 to 2008,and different types of room were selected for on-site monitoring formaldehyde concentration.Results The total average value of formaldehyde concentration was 0.139 mg/m3 during 2004-2008.The mean degree of formaldehyde concentration was 0.062 mg/m3 in urban offices,and the mean degrees in urban residential kitchens and bedrooms were 0.029 mg/m3 and 0.028 mg/m3,respectively.The value from town residents in the residential kitchens and bedrooms were 0.034 mg/m3 and 0.036 mg/m3,respectively.Formaldehyde concentration from decorated room within one year was significantly higher than that in more than one year(P0.01).Conclusion Decoration is the main reason for increasing the concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air;the results of the investigation provide a basis for the revision of hygienic standard for formaldehyde in indoor air.
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Mean value
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Objective To survey the status of formaldehyde pollution in indoor air of the newly decorated houses.Methods Formaldehyde concentrations of 18 newly decorated houses were monitored for a peiod of one year.Results Formaldehyde concentrations in indoor air rose significantly after decoration.From long-term monitoring result,formaldehyde concentration was descending with the time,and it was significantly reduced 6 months after decoration.Although the decoration grades were different,the formaldehyde concentrations were under the national standard one year after decoration.Meanwhile the formaldehyde concentration can be influenced by interior temperature and the decoration grades.Conclusions The main influencial factors of formaldehyde concentrations in indoor air was the duration of time after decoration,indoor temperature and decoration grades.People should not move into newly decorated house witnin six months after decoration.
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Objective To investigate the pollutional status of acteone and acetaldehyd in indoor air after the house is decorated, provide evidences for eliminating and controlling of indoor air pollution. Methods ornament group was divided into 3 groups(0~≤6 month group, 6~≤12month group, 12~≤18month group). The concentration of acteone and acetaldeyde determined with HPLC method,(the concentration of some samples' s formaldehyde and NO2was determined by spectrophotometry). Results 8 kinds of pollutants of acteone and acetaldehyde were detected in varing degrees,Formaldehyde had the highest detection rate and over standard rate, the highest concentration of Formaldehyde was 0.69 mg/m3,exceed the standard nearly seven times, the point exceeding standard rate of Formaldehyde was 59.38%. However,the NO2content of indoor air without exceeding the limits. Concentrations of formaldehyde in 18 months had no significant difference between different time periods(P0.05), but had a positive correlation trend with the room temperature(r= 0.77, P0.05). Conclution The indoor air pollution of newly decorated room existed widely, especially the early decoration room, formaldehyde is main indoor air pollutants of acteone and acetaldehyde.
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A method for the determination of formaldehyde indoor by gas chromatography was described.The result showed that the detection limit of this method for formaldehyde was 0.01mg/m3(indoor air);the RDS was between-3.2%～6.5%.The method was simple,rapid and reliable for the determination of formaldehyde indoor.
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Objective:To study the variation of formaldehyde concentrations in indoor air of newly decorated.Methods:54 families and 52 public places with indoor decoration were selected to be monitored in different stages.Results:The over standard rate for the air formaldehyde sample was from 79.9% to 85.4% during one year after the tenements were decorated.50.0% during the period from the first year to the next year and the over standard rate for the air formaldehyde sample was18.3% after the tenements were decorated for two years.There was significant difference in the rate among three different periods (P0.05).The over standard rate for the air formaldehyde sample was from 65.5% to 81.3% within 6 months after the public places were decorated.36.84% during the period from the 7th month to the 12th month and the over standard rate for the air formaldehyde sample was lower than 15.4% after the public places were decorated for one year.There was significant difference in the rate among three different periods (P0.05).Conclusion:During the course of monitoring formaldehyde concentrations in indoor decreased apparently with the prolongation of the duration after the end of the decoration.The formaldehyde concentrations did not reach the standard until the tenements were decorated for two years and the formaldehyde concentrations reached the standard after the public places were decorated for one year.
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