[Stress. Neurophysiologic studies].
10
Citation
0
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Corticosterone
Cite
Effects of cutaneous mechanical stimulation on plasma corticosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels were examined in young adult (13-22 weeks old) and aged (24-27 months old) male Wistar rats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Under the resting condition without somatic sensory stimulation, neither plasma corticosterone measured every 15 min between 1430 h and 1630 h nor plasma LH and testosterone measured every 30 min between 1400 h and 1730 h revealed any significant fluctuations. Nociceptive mechanical stimulation of both hindpaws by pinching for 10 min significantly increased plasma corticosterone, LH, and testosterone, in young adult rats. Plasma corticosterone was increased for one hour following the stimulation. On the other hand, plasma LH was increased 30 and 60 min after the cessation of stimulation, while plasma testosterone was increased 60-150 min after stimulation. However, innocuous mechanical stimulation of both hindlimbs by brushing for 10 min did not significantly change either plasma corticosterone, LH, or testosterone. These findings indicate that, nociceptive information from skin lead to the increased secretion of corticosterone from the adrenal cortex and the increased secretion of LH from the anterior pituitary, resulting in an increase in testosterone secretion from the testes into the plasma, after emotional factors are eliminated by anesthetizing the subjects. In aged rats, the same nociceptive mechanical stimulation by pinching significantly increased the plasma corticosterone levels. The magnitude and time-course of the response in aged rats were equivalent to those in young adult rats. On the other hand, in aged rats, neither plasma LH nor testosterone levels were changed by the same nociceptive mechanical stimulation. This is in sharp contrast to the increase in both plasma LH and testosterone caused by the stimulation of young adult rats. These findings indicate a functional dissociation induced by aging between the secretory responses of the anterior pituitary, testes on the one hand and the adrenal cortex on the other hand, to nociceptive somatic sensory stimulation. Aging does not alter corticosterone release from the adrenal cortex to nociceptive somatic sensory stimulation, but LH secretion from the anterior pituitary and testosterone secretion from the testes to nociceptive somatic sensory stimulation are subject to dysfunction with aging.
Corticosterone
Cite
Citations (0)
Corticosterone
Cite
Citations (24)
Corticosterone
Progestin
Cite
Citations (21)
Corticosterone
Basal (medicine)
Sympathetic nervous system
Sympathoadrenal system
Cite
Citations (65)
Role of Glucose in Facilitating the Acute Steroidogenic Action of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
The possible role of glucose in facilitating the steroidogenic action of ACTH was investigated. In studies with quartered rat adrenals, reducing the glucose concentration from 10 to 1 mM significantly reduced the amount of cyclic AMP formed in response to ACTH and significantly reduced the amount of corticosterone formed in response to either ACTH or cyclic AMP but did not diminish the amount of corticosterone formed in response to exogenous NADPH or progesterone. In the presence of 10 mM glucose, stimulation of corticosterone synthesis with ACTH or cyclic AMP was accompanied by parallel increases in glucose oxidation, but stimulation of corticosterone synthesis by the addition of NADPH or progesterone was not accompanied by increased glucose oxidation. Adrenal homogenates failed to respond to ACTH or cyclic AMP with increases in corticosterone production or glucose oxidation; such preparations responded to NADPH with increases in corticosterone production but without increased glucose oxidation. One role of glucose in facilitating the steroidogenic action of ACTH might be to facilitate the formation of cyclic AMP, the intracellular mediator of the action of ACTH. Since cyclic AMP-dependent steroidogenesis is facilitated by glucose and NADPH-dependent steroidogenesis is not, it is concluded that an additional role of glucose might be to serve as a substrate in some biochemical reaction that is accelerated by cyclic AMP, possibly the generation of compartmentalized NADPH.
Corticosterone
Cite
Citations (3)
CRH is thought to play a role in responses of the adrenocortical and adrenomedullary systems during stress. To investigate the role of CRH in stress-induced secretions of corticosterone and epinephrine, we subjected wild-type (WT) and CRH-deficient (knockout, KO) mice to restraint, and analyzed plasma corticosterone, plasma catecholamines, and adrenal phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) gene expression and activity before and during 3 h of restraint. Plasma corticosterone increased over 40-fold in WT mice, but minimally in CRH KO mice. Adrenal corticosterone content tended to increase in CRH KO mice, although to levels 5-fold lower than that in WT mice. CRH KO mice had significantly lower plasma epinephrine and higher norepinephrine than WT mice at baseline, and delayed epinephrine secretion during restraint. Adrenal PNMT messenger RNA content in CRH KO mice tended to be lower than that in WT mice, though the degree of induction was similar in both genotypes. PNMT enzyme activity was significantly lower in CRH KO mice. Pharmacological adrenalectomy abolished restraint-induced corticosterone secretion and PNMT gene expression in WT mice, consistent with an absolute requirement of glucocorticoids for PNMT gene expression. We conclude that glucocorticoid insufficiency in CRH KO mice leads to decreased basal and restraint-induced plasma epinephrine and adrenal PNMT gene expression and enzyme activity.
Corticosterone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Basal (medicine)
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Cite
Citations (82)
The effect of starvation was studied in male Wistar rats. After only 2 days of food deprivation, LH concentrations in serum are greatly suppressed, while a significant increase in plasma corticosterone occurs after 5 days' starvation. The noradrenaline and dopamine turnover in the basal hypothalamus is decreased after 2 days. The catecholamine turnover is also reduced in the preoptic area, and in the median eminence. Injection of the catecholamine precursor L-dopa (100 mg/kg) can prevent the increase of plasma corticosterone, but not the decrease of LH. The alpha-agonist clonidine (150 micrograms/kg), but neither the beta-agonist salbutamol (0.5 mg/kg), nor the dopamine agonist apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg) can prevent the starvation induced corticosterone increase. The decrease of plasma LH is not influenced by the dopamine or noradrenaline agonists. From these data, it appears that a decreased activity of noradrenergic neurons may be responsible for the corticosterone increase in the plasma of starved rats.
Corticosterone
Cite
Citations (59)
Journal Article DISSOCIATED STIMULATION BY ACTH OF ADRENAL CORTICOSTERONE AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Get access P C Scriba, P C Scriba II. Medizinische Klinik der Universität München, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Fries, M Fries II. Medizinische Klinik der Universität München, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F Kluge F Kluge II. Medizinische Klinik der Universität München, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 56, Issue 1_Supplement, Dec 1967, Page S178, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.056S178 Published: 01 December 1967
Corticosterone
Cite
Citations (1)
To examine hormonal response patterns to various stresses, urinary excretion of catecholamines and corticosterone was measured in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY) under the folowing conditions : immobilization, restiriction to a small space, introduction of new rats, and noise exposure. In WKY rats, immobilization caused a marked increase in urinary corticosterone, adrenaline and norad-renaline and a decrease in dopamine excretion. Restriction to a small space induced a less pronounced but still obvious increase in adrenaline and corticosterone and a decrease in dopamine. When other rats were introduced into the animal room, the senior rats showed an increase in adrenaline alone, while noise exposure produced an increase in corticosterone alone. These findings suggest that while severe stress, such as immobilization, causes marked changes in all 4 hormones, relatively mild stress produces changes in one to three, not all, hormones, and that catecholamine and corticosteroid responses are dissociated in some forms of the mild stress. It is considered that neuroendocrine responses to stress vary according to both the type of stress and its intensity. In SHR rats, the hormone response to severe stress was greater than in WKY rats, and the response was somewhat less than in WKY rats when exposed to mild stress. These findings do not imply that stress-induced hyperactivity of sympathetic adrenomedullary system participates in the developmentof hypertension in SHR rats.
Corticosterone
Cite
Citations (21)
This study examined the effect of in vivo treatment with ACTH for 5 days and hypophysectomy (7–10 days) on adrenal cAMP and corticosterone responsiveness to ACTH in vitro. Basal cAMP in the saline-treated rats was similar to that in the ACTH-treated and hypophysectomized animals. ACTH stimulation of cAMP formation in vitro in both the ACTH-treated and hypophysectomized rats was significantly increased compared to that in the saline-treated controls. Basal corticosterone release was significantly increased in the ACTHtreated animals and decreased in the hypophysectomized rats. The ACTH stimulation of corticosterone release was also significantly augmented in the ACTH-treated rats compared to that in the saline-treated rats, while the value was significantly decreased in the hypophysectomized animals. When adrenal quarters from control rats were initially exposed to ACTH in vitro for 1 h and then incubated for 1 h in buffer alone, the subsequent addition of the hormone in th third incubation caused a diminished cAMP formation compared to tissue which had not been previously incubated with ACTH in the first incubation. The decreased responsiveness was still present if the second incubation was prolonged for 24 h after the initial exposure to ACTH. While the increased responsiveness of cAMP generation in the adrenals from the hypophysectomized rats might reflect increased ACTH receptors as a consequence of deficient endogenous ACTH, such receptor regulation would not account for the increased responsivity of the adrenal from the ACTH-treated rats. The results also emphasize the disparity between previous in vivo and in vitro exposures to ACTH on the subsequent response to that hormone.
Corticosterone
Hypophysectomy
Basal (medicine)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cite
Citations (14)