Understanding the Application: An Overview of the H.264 Standard
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Scalable Video Coding
Context-adaptive variable-length coding
The H.264 video encoding standard can achieve high coding efficiency at the expense of high computational complexity. Typically, real-time software implementation requires omission of most optional encoding tools leading to significantly reduced coding efficiency. This paper proposes a novel method for real-time H.264 encoding based on dynamic control of the encoding parameters to meet real-time constraints while minimizing coding efficiency loss. Experimental results show that the method provides up to 19% lower bit rate than conventional real-time encoding using fixed parameters with the same visual quality. The method allows real-time 30fps QCIF encoding on a Pentium IV with similar coding efficiency to full search baseline profile encoding.
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Context-adaptive variable-length coding
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Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding(CABAC) as an efficient entropy coding is adopted by H.264/AVC. It is composed of binarization, context-modeling and arithmetic coding. The thesis presents three steps in detail, and the comparison between CABAC and VLC/CAVLC for coding efficiency is also presented.
Context-adaptive variable-length coding
Arithmetic coding
Tunstall coding
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The emerging H.264/AVC video coding standard is developed collaboratively by the ITU-T and ISO/IEC. The standard specifies two types of entropy coding:Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) and Context-bsaed Adaptive Variable-Length Coding (CAVLC). By effectively combining adaptation technique, context model and binary arithmetic coding together, CABAC as a new entropy coding method has achived a high level compression. There are some new ways to make it easy to be carried out. To prove the performance of CABAC,we test it by referenced application. The experiment indicates that CABAC saves bit rate than CAVLC with the same quality of image.
Context-adaptive variable-length coding
Arithmetic coding
Adaptive coding
Tunstall coding
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Scalable Video Coding
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Scalable Video Coding
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This paper reports the rate-distortion performance comparison of JPEG2000 with H.264/AVC Fidelity Range Extensions (FRExt) High Profile I-frame coding for high definition (HD) video sequences. This work can be considered as an extension of a similar earlier study involving H.264/AVC Main Profile [1]. Coding simulations are performed on a set of 720p and 1080p HD video sequences, which have been commonly used for H.264/AVC standardization work. As expected, our experimental results show that H.264/AVC FRExt I-frame coding offers consistent R-D performance gains (around 0.2 to 1 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio) over JPEG2000 color image coding. However, similar to [1, 2], we have not considered scalability, computational complexity as well as other JPEG2000 features in this study.
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JPEG 2000
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This paper reconsiders the rate-distortion performance comparison of JPEG2000 with H.264/AVC High Profile I-frame coding for high definition (HD) video sequences. This work is a follow-on to our paper at SPIE 05 [14], wherein we further optimize both codecs. This also extends a similar earlier study involving H.264/AVC Main Profile [2]. Coding simulations are performed on a set of 720p and 1080p HD video sequences, which have been commonly used for H.264/AVC standardization work. As expected, our experimental results show that H.264/AVC I-frame coding offers consistent R-D performance gains (around 0.2 to 1 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio) over JPEG2000 color image coding. As in [1, 2], we do not consider scalability, complexity in this study (JPEG2000 is used in non-scalable, but optimal mode).
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JPEG 2000
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This paper develops a new intraframe scalable coding framework based on a subband/wavelet coding approach for MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 scalable video coding (SVC). It attempts to join the subband filter banks with the traditional macroblock and DCT based video coding system. We demonstrate that the current H.264 coding system can be efficiently integrated with the traditional subband filter banks for providing the improved efficiency for intraframe scalable coding. More importantly, unlike the classical wavelet coding, the proposed framework still allows the downsampling filter to be flexibly designed to generate the ideal low resolution video for target applications. Under a wavelet critical sampling setting, the proposed system can perform similar to a conventional single-layer (non-scalable) coder without any performance overhead. Thus, by just reuse of the existing H.264 coding tools to work together with the added subband filter banks, we can provide the H.264 standard with an alternative intraframe coding scheme that is primarily based on the transform coding approach with the additional spatial scalability and other attractive benefits and useful for both scalable and conventional single-layer intraframe coding applications. The proposed algorithm has been thoroughly evaluated against the current SVC test model JSVM, Motion-JPEG2000, and H.264 high-profile intra coding through extensive coding experiments for both scalable coding and single-layer coding. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm consistently outperforms JSVM and is competitive to Motion-JPEG2000 in PSNR performance. As such, the efficient and highly scalable wavelet image/video compression, as demonstrated by JPEG2000, can be additionally accommodated by the slightly modified MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 standard with low extra implementation costs. Image and video coding applications, traditionally serviced by separate coders, can be efficiently provided by an integrated coding system.
Scalable Video Coding
Context-adaptive variable-length coding
Sub-band coding
Algorithmic efficiency
JPEG 2000
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The H.264/AVC video coding standard encapsulates the most advanced video coding tools. The various techniques that lead to better coding efficiency of the coding standard also inevitably increase the complexity of the video encoder. Thus, real-time encoding of video streams with H.264 coding standard is a challenging task. If available computational resource does not allow the entire encoding process to be carried out in time, a complexity scalable technique that ensures a graceful degradation of coding performance will be a useful tool. This work proposes a singularly-parameterized complexity scalable rate-distortion framework for H.264/AVC encoders.
Scalable Video Coding
Context-adaptive variable-length coding
Rate–distortion optimization
Algorithmic efficiency
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