Total thyroidectomy
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Keywords:
Nodule (geology)
Medullary carcinoma
Thyroid Nodules
Thorax (insect anatomy)
Background Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 5% to 10% of all thyroid malignancies. Approximately 75% of cases are sporadic. Familial forms of medullary thyroid carcinoma account for the remaining 25% of cases--MEN IIa, MEN IIb and FMTC. Methods Retrospectively 22 cases of medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland were analysed. Total thyroidectomy with selective lymph dissection was performed in all patients. Results 18 patients were with sporadic form of medullary thyroid carcinoma, 4--with FMTC; 21 were with primary carcinoma, 1--with recurrent carcinoma Mean age--32 years (22-59). At the follow-up control (max 10 years) there is no evidence of disease recurrence. Conclusion Recent advances in genetic testing allow early diagnosis and treatment of familial MTC syndromes. Despite some advances in treatment, optimal management is still controversial. Total thyroidectomy with selective lymph dissection remains the choice of surgical treatment. In the familial forms medullary carcinoma is associated with well-characterized, germline mutations in the RET protooncogene. Both genetic and biochemical screening are of essential significance for early diagnosis and adequate and optimal surgical treatment.
Medullary carcinoma
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Medullary carcinoma
Follicular carcinoma
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Medullary carcinoma
Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Occult
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mRNAs were isolated from 2 patients suffering from a familial form of a rare variant of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC), called mixed follicular and medullary carcinoma. The presence of calcitonin (CT) and thyroglobulin (Tg) mRNAs was checked by northern and in situ hybridization and compared with immunohistochemical results. In each case, mRNAs hybridizing to probes specific for CT and Tg were detected. Both proteins were quantified by radioimmunoassay determination in tissue extracts. Patient 1 had 20 ng Tg and 68 ng CT per micrograms total protein, and patient 2 had 0.4 ng Tg and 1.7 ng CT per micrograms total protein. Northern analysis showed that mixed carcinoma expressed several species of both CT mRNAs and Tg mRNAs. The main Tg transcripts present in neoplastic cells (8.5 and 4.8 kb for patient 1 and patient 2) were identical to or smaller than those of normal thyroid tissue (8.5 kb). The tumor CT mRNA (1 kb) was identical to that of normal tissue. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of CT and Tg mRNA in the great majority of tumor cells. Furthermore, the presence of small amounts of organified iodine was evidenced by analytical ion microscopy in 35% of these cells. This raises an important question regarding the histogenesis of this tumor.
Thyroglobulin
Medullary carcinoma
Histogenesis
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Objective:To investigate the dignosis and treatment of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma in order to provide basis for its early diagnosis and treatment.Methods: We summarized the clinical data of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma,and combined with literature to investigate its etiology,early diagnosis and treatment.Results:Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma is aeuchromosome obvious syndrome arosed by RET break.It is bilateral and many focus,and mostly is young blood;Reasonable operation can get satisfactory result in the treatment for familial medullary thyroid carcinoma.Conclutions:FMTC is a kind of hereditary diseases;there is satisfactory result when early diagnosis and reasonable operation are applied.Follow-up survey of family members should be performed in a long period of time.
Medullary carcinoma
Etiology
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This paper summarized thyroid carcinoma biopsy diagnosis realization.Statistics and analyzed 168 thyroid carcinoma biopsy material.The results showed:men patients to women patients was 1:3.Obviously females were more than males.Papillary carcinoma was first(66.26%).Follicular carcinoma was second(23.93%).Medullary carcinoma was third(5.52%).Undifferentiated carcinoma was seldomest seen(4.29%).According to reassessment on original diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma, thyroid carcinnoma existed excessive diagnosis,fallacious diagnosis and losed consulation.
Medullary carcinoma
Follicular carcinoma
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Immunostaining
Medullary carcinoma
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Carcinoembryonic antigen
Medullary carcinoma
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Among the four different types of thyroid cancer, treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma poses a major challenge because of its propensity of early metastasis. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms of medullary thyroid carcinoma and discover candidates for targeted therapies, we developed a new mouse model of medullary thyroid carcinoma based on our
Medullary carcinoma
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Background and Objectives The controversy over the optimal extent of thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has persisted over a long time period. Particularly, there is a lack of consensus in low-risk PTC sized >1 cm and ≤2 cm. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the oncologic outcomes between hemi-thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy in patients with low-risk PTC sized 2 cm or less. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review of 1107 patients who were diagnosed as unilateral low-risk PTC with maximal tumor size 2 cm or less and initially underwent either hemi-thyroidectomy (n=550) or total thyroidectomy (n=557) was conducted. All patients underwent ipsilateral prophylactic central neck dissection. Patients had no evidence of gross extrathyroidal extension or lymph node metastasis. Clinicopathologic factors and recurrence rate were compared according to the surgical extent and factors correlated to recurrence were analyzed. Results While the total thyroidectomy group had more aggressive clinicopathologic factors such as minimal extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, and lymph node metastasis, recurrence rate was higher in the hemi-thyroidectomy group (p=0.006). However, when the contralateral lobe recurrence was excluded there was no difference in recurrence between the two groups (p=0.597). In patients with tumor sized >1 cm and ≤2 cm there was no significant difference in recurrence between the two groups (p=0.100). Conclusion Total thyroidectomy may not decrease recurrence in patients with PTC presented with unilateral tumor sized >1 cm and ≤2 cm. Hemi-thyroidectomy could be considered the treatment of choice in these patients when they are presented as a low-risk group.
Neck dissection
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