FUZZY AND BOOLEAN FOREST MEMBERSHIP: ON THE ACTUAL SEPARABILITY OF LAND COVER CLASSES
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Forests are among the most important habitats of the Earth for several ecological reasons and their management is a prior task when dealing with landscape conservation.Thematic maps and remote sensing data are powerful tools to be used in landscape planning and forest management; nevertheless, most of the European and Mediterranean forest monitoring and conservation programs do not take into account the continuity of the variation of habitats within the landscape but they only rely on boolean classification methods.The utilisation of a classification method that applies a continuity criterion is fundamental because it is expected to better represent the ecological gradients within a landscape.The aim of this paper is to assess the amount of classification uncertainty related to crisp (boolean) classes, particularly focusing on forest identification uncertainty.Forest fuzzy membership of the Tuscany region (Italy) derived from a Landsat ETM+ image scene was compared with the widely used crisp datasets in European forests management and conservation practices, i.e. the European JRC Forest/Non-Forest map, the CORINE Land Cover 2000 (levels 1 and 2), as well as the Global Land Cover 2000, in order to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the separability of crisp classes with respect to forest fuzzy membership.A statistically significant (p < 0.001) forest fuzzy membership separability among the considered crisp classes was found.Despite the crisp dataset and hierarchical level taken into account, both forest and non-forest crisp classes showed a high degree of forest fuzzy membership variability.Therefore, given the intrinsic mixture of crisp land cover classes, ecological studies on forestal ecosystems should rigorously take into account the classification uncertainty related to a crisp view of ecological entities which are being mapped.Keywords:
Forest cover
Land Cover
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Our main purpose is to introduce the notion of almost α(Λ, sp)-continuous multifunctions. Moreover, some characterizations of almost α(Λ, sp)-continuous multifunctions are established.
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Monitoring land cover change is the most important step in decision making
for local or government agencies. Specially for a forest recovery program,
understanding of the past scenario of land cover is very essential. It is also
very important to understand the past scenario of the land cover for
identification of areas for afforestation programs in the country. In this study
we have tried to understand the land cover trend before the start of 21st
century. IRS LISS-I image of 1989 is the oldest high resolution imagery
available, therefore land cover change from 1989. IRS LISS-II imageries for
1993 and 1997 were used by taking into account four year time interval. The
imageries were digitally classified and compared to obtain the land cover
change statistics. The exact areas were also identified by overlaying the
classified imageries. It is observed that an area of about 23790 Ha out of
78721 Ha dense forest in the year 1989 was converted to other land cover
category by 1997, which means about 27% of dense forest area was reduced
to 19% by 1997. An increase in the built up class was also observed from
1000 Ha in 1989 to about 2074 Ha in 1997. This study has established that a
major portion of the forested land were already degraded even before
stringent forest Act came into existence. The land cover change pattern also
helps in predicting the future land cover trends.
Land Cover
Forest cover
Afforestation
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In this paper we consider a generalization to analytic multifunctions of the classical Hardy space theory of analytic functions on the unit disc. With \K(lambda) = sup (\z\; z is an element of K(lambda)) we define the Nevanlinna class N and the classes H
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In this paper, some properties of an order induced by uninorms are investigated. In this aim, the set of incomparable elements with respect to the $U$-partial order for any uninorm is introduced and studied. Also, by defining such an order, an equivalence relation on the class of uninorms is defined and this equivalence is deeply investigated. Finally, another set of incomparable elements with respect to the $U$-partial order for any uninorm is introduced and studied.
Equivalence relation
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