Stress induced reduction in high frequency heart rate variability cannot be explained by respiratory frequency changes
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Respiratory frequency
Respiratory Rate
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We studied the changes in indexes of variability of heart rate and fractal neurodynamics under conditions of controlled breathing on fluctuation frequency of a spectrum of heart rate. It is shown that the controlled breathing, which frequency corresponds to a frequency of localization of the maximum peak of capacity ofa heart rate in low-frequency is a powerful mechanism of management of heart rate and change of a functional condition of an organism as a whole.
Respiratory Rate
Frequency spectrum
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Dimitriev, Dimitri; Indeykina, Olga; Karpenko, Yuri; Dimitriev, Aleksey Author Information
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Vagal Tone
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A number of studies concerning heart rate variability and mental load arereviewed It is concluded that in paced choice reaction tasks the number of reversal pointsin the cardiotachogram is the most sensitive measure of the load of the task.This measure was strongly correlated with respiration Spectral analysis of heart rate variability revealed the existence of a frequency component at about 0·10 Hz, a respiration frequency and sometimes a task frequency. In a number of tasks the respiration frequency increased, and the amplitude of energy in the lower frequencies decreased (i.e. there was a decrease in heart rate variability).
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In order to propose an interpretation of recent experimental findings concerning short-term variability of arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate variability (HRV), and their dependence on body posture, we develop a qualitative dynamical model of the short-term cardiovascular variability at respiratory frequency (HF). It shows the respiratory-related blood pressure fluctuations in relation to the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Results of the model-based analysis show that the observed phenomena may be interpreted as buffering of the respiratory-related ABP fluctuations by heart rate (HR) fluctuations, i.e., the respiratory sinus arrhythmia. A paradoxical enhancement (PE) of the fluctuations of the ABP in supine position, that was found in experiment, is explained on the ground of the model, as an ineffectiveness of control caused by the prolonged phase shift between the the peak of modulation of the pulmonary flow and the onset of stimulation of the heart. Such phasic changes were indeed observed in some other experimental conditions. Up to now, no other theoretical or physiological explanation of the PE effect exists, whereas further experiments were not performed due to technical problems. Better understanding of the short-term dynamics of blood pressure may improve medical diagnosis in cardiology and diseases which alter the functional state of the autonomous nervous system. Graphical Abstract A simple mathematical model of cardiorespiratory dynamics. A novel class of mathematical models of blood pressure dynamics in humans allows to represent respiratory modulation of Arterial Blood Pressure. The model shows how the phase shift in neural control of the heart rate may produce Paradoxic Enhancement of respiratory Blood Pressure fluctuations. Observed in experiment. The model has many options for further development.
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Vagal Tone
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Sympathetic nervous system
Mental arithmetic
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Transient (computer programming)
SIGNAL (programming language)
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