216 Measurement of Cyclic Pressure Using Grown Grain Density of Electrodeposited Cupper Foil Included Nickel Core in Micro Projections
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To obtain the foil bearing characteristics, the fluid film pressure must be coupled with the elastic deformation of the foil structure. However, all of the structural models thus far have simplified the foil structure without consideration of its three-dimensional shape. In this study, a finite element foil structural model is proposed that takes into consideration the three-dimensional foil shape. Using the proposed model, the deflections of interconnected bumps are compared to those of separated bumps, and the minimum film thickness determined from the proposed structural models is compared to those of previous models. In addition, the effects of the top foil and bump foil thickness on the foil bearing static performance are evaluated. The results of the study show that the three-dimensional shape of the foil structure should be considered for accurate predictions of foil bearing performances and that too thin top foil or bump foil thickness may lead to a significant decrease in the load capacity. In addition, the foil stiffness variation does not increase the load capacity much under a simple foil structure.
Foil bearing
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Mechanistic proposals for nickel-catalyzed coupling reactions often invoke five-coordinate alkyl- or aryl-bound Ni(II) and/or high-valent nickel(III) species, but because of their reactive nature, they have been difficult to study and fingerprint. In this work, we invoked the stabilizing properties of fluoroalkyl ligands to access such nickel species bearing ligands that are commonplace in organic coupling reactions. We show that five-coordinate Ni(II) complexes containing nickel–carbon bonds can readily be prepared given the appropriate precursor, and we also present evidence for the formation of Ni(III) species upon chemical and electrochemical oxidation of the five-coordinate complexes.
Coupling reaction
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A study was carried out to compare the rates of absorption of nickel from two nickel complexes and two nickel salts in the West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. Treatments consisted of oral administration of 5mg equivalents of elemental nickel from nickel sulphate hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O); nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2.6H2O); nickel sodium monofluorophosphate (Ni-SMFP) complex and nickel-chloroquine (Ni-Clrq) complex. Changes in the plasma levels of nickel were monitored until the concentration declined. Nickel absorption into the blood was in the order: Ni-SMFP>NiClrq>NiSO4.6H2O>NiCl2.6H2O indicating that nickel is more readily available to goats in the complex forms. JARD Vol. 1 2001: pp. 23-30
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A characterization study was undertaken with eighteen kinds of nickel/alumina impregnated catalysts prepared by using three nickel compounds (nickel (II) acetylacetonate, nickel (II) acetate and nickel (II) chloride) as the nickel source material and by applying two impregnation methods (single and multiple). The catalysts prepared by using nickel (II) acetylacetonate and nickel (II) acetate showed a similar distribution and average of nickel particle diameters regardless of nickel source material or impregnation method. The distribution broadening and the average increased with increasing nickel content for the catalysts prepared by using nickel (II) chloride. The rate of benzene hydrogenation was proportional to the nickel surface area regardless of nickel source material or impregnation method.
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Abstract Reduction of anhydrous nickel(II) compounds in the presence of diazadienes RN=CR'-CR' = NR, |(DAD), yields (DAD) 2 Ni(0). This complex 1 with R = CH(i-C 3 H 7 ) 2 is especially reactive and comproportionates with DADNiBr 2 (2) to yield the bromobridged dimeric nickel(I) species (DADNiBr) 2 (3). The crystal and molecular structure of 3 has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction: Space group Pbca with a = 1225.8(12), b = 1474.8(14) and c = 2167.4(22) pm; Ra = 0.076, 1034 reflections. Catalytic tetramerisation of substituted alkynes with 1 is discussed in view of the very easy formation of dimers 3.
Anhydrous
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Dithiocarbamate
Nickel compounds
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Properties, manipulations, preparative methods and typical reactions have been described for the following twelve representative nickel compounds which have been used and/or should be useful as catalysts and/or reagents for synthetic organic reactions : nickel (II) halides, his (acetylacetonato) -nickel (II), nickel peroxide, dichloro (bipyridyl) nickel (II), dihalobis (trialkylphosphine) nickel (II), dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) nickel (II), dichloro {1, 3-his (diphenylphosphino) propane} nickel (II), trans-chlorophenylbis (triphenylphosphine) nickel (II), tetracarbonylnickel (0), bis (η- 1, 5-cyclooctadienyl) nickel (0), tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) nickel (0), di-μ-bromobis (1-3-η-allyl) dinickel (II).
Peroxide
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The self-diffusion of nickel and the diffusion of Ni 63 into iron, cobalt, and two iron–nickel alloys was studied using the technique of decrease in surface activity, The nickel self-diffusion results are compared to previously reported values. Nickel is found to diffuse more slowly than iron in the iron-rich portion of the iron–nickel system. The rate of nickel diffusion increases with increasing nickel content. A comparison is made between the present results for diffusion of Ni 63 into iron, cobalt, and nickel with reported values for diffusion of Co 60 and Fe 59 in the same metals. In each solvent, the magnitudes of the activation energies, Q, are such that Q Ni > Q Co > Q Fe .
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Nickel allergy is the most frequent contact allergy and is also one of the major background factors for hand eczema. The clinical significance of nickel release from coins was discussed when the composition of euro coins was decided. Current European coinage is dominated by cupro-nickel coins (Cu 75; Ni 25); other nickel-containing and non-nickel alloys are also used. Nickel release from used coinage from the UK, Sweden and France was determined. It was shown that nickel ions are readily available on the surface of used coins. After 2 min in artificial sweat, approximately 2 microg of nickel per coin was extracted from cupro-nickel coins. Less nickel was extracted from non-nickel coins. Nickel on the surface was mainly present as chloride. After 1 week in artificial sweat approximately 30 microg/cm2 was released from cupro-nickel coins: less nickel was released from coins made of other nickel alloys. Theoretically, several microg of nickel salts may be transferred daily onto hands by intense handling of high-nickel-releasing coins.
Nickel allergy
numismatics
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