The Cranial Morphometric and Morphologic Characteristics of Mehraban Sheep in Western Iran
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3 Abstract: The morphology and morphometry of eight skulls of adult Mehraban, a native Iranian breed sheep, were examined. All morphometric data were expressed as mean ± SEM. In this breed, a skull weight of 214.29 ± 22.47 g, a skull length of 20.06 ± 1.71 cm, a cranial length of 11.98 ± 0.24 cm, a skull index of 53.57 ± 3.26, a cranial index of 52.76 ± 1.13, a facial index of 85.44 ± 1.89, an orbital index of 21.46 ± 0.68 and a cranial volume of 130.86 ± 11.55 ml were measured. In order to determine the likely relationship, if any, between the indices and skull length and skull width, correlation coefficients were computed. Cephalic index was negatively correlated with both length and width of the skull in Mehraban sheep. The neurocranium capacity was negatively correlated with skull length. The results were discussed in terms of the usage of morphologic and morphometric characteristics of skulls in several basic and clinical applications in Mehraban sheep industry.Keywords:
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Journal Article Basicranial axis length v. skull length in analysis of carnivore skull shape Get access LEONARD B. RADINSKY LEONARD B. RADINSKY 1Anatomy Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 22, Issue 1, May 1984, Pages 31–41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00797.x Published: 14 January 2008 Article history Received: 23 March 1983 Accepted: 23 March 1983 Published: 14 January 2008
Carnivore
Allometry
Neurocranium
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The skull morphology of the lion (4), dog (15) and cat (4) are described and compared in this work. Meas- urements of their skull length, weight (without mandible), cranial length and width, facial length and width, skull index, cranial index, facial index, orbital index and cranial capacity are given. Correlations between these measurements were also examined for each species. These results are discussed in terms of the usage of these morphometric measurements in several basic and clinical applications as well as in the intelligence status of these species. Four tables and three figures supported the results of this study. Strong correlations (R> 0.7, R < -0.7) were seen between 63% of measurements in the lion's skull enablingregression models to be constructed that could be used to predict measurements such as skull weight if facial width is known. This differed from the cat where 38% of measurements were correlated and the dog where only 3 parameters of measurements were correlated.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate some aspects of the skull typology of the African giant rat. In this study, 16 adult African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus,Waterhouse) of both sexes were used to investigate the bones of the cranial skeleton. The dimensions of excised skulls were measured directly using pre-established anatomical points. Morphometric analysis of the skulls showed important measurements and features; the intercondylar width was 1.45 ± 0.02cm. The mean nasal length in females at 2.93 ± 0.05 cm was longer than the 2.76 ± 0.06 cm of male. The infraorbital foramen was large in the African giant rat with the greatest length being 0.75 ± 0.02 cm while the greatest breadth was 0.52 ± 0.02 cm. Maximum mandibular height and length were 2.13 ± 0.02 cm and 3.62 ± 0.04 cm respec- tively. Four parameters were statistically significant at P< 0.05 between both sexes and include the intercondylar width, temporal bone height, external auditory pore height and the sub arcuate fossa height; these could thus serve as basis for sexual dimorphism. Major morphologic findings include the presence of a ventral mandibular foramen, a complete jugal arch and presence of jugal foramen. This work has provided morphometric information that will aid in sexual dimorphism and taxonomy of the African giant rat.
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Axial skeleton
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Forty six heads of adult Kagani goats were used in the present study.The frontal bone did not constitute the caudal extent of the frontal surface.Both the nasal bones were divided longitudinally into two halves by deep notches up to the middle part starting from its rostral end.The facial tuberosity was placed at the junction of the 4th and 5th cheek teeth.The basisphenpoid bone had a sharp median ridge.The frontal bone contributed to the maximum in this animal.Bilateral variation was recorded among the orbits of right and left sides.Skull base length varied positively with the skull width and skull length.
Capra hircus
Frontal bone
Occiput
Cheek
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Forty-nine preserved specimens (31 male and 18 female) of Trachylepis aurata transcaucsasica
were examined with respect to metric and meristic features and dry skull anatomy to assess sexual dimorphism. Thirty-one morphological characters and 36 anatomical characters in dry skulls were examined. Subdigital lamellae under the forth toe, neck
length, neck length/snout vent length, and six skull characters (skull length, condylobasal length, anterior rostrum width, eye width, and ratios of maxilla length to skull length and pterygoid length to skull length) were significantly different in males and females (P <
0.05). Other observed differences were in the base of the tail, which was thicker in males than in females, and in the structure of the anus. The sexes did not show dimorphism in color or pattern.
Sexual dimorphism
Meristics
Snout
Rostrum
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; JunJie Wang & JianGang ChenZHU, L.; SHI, X.; ANG, J. & CHEN, J. W A morphometric study on the skull of donkey ( Equus asinus ). Int. J. Morphol., 32(4) :1306-1310, 2014.SUMMARY: The present study was carried out on a number of 16 skulls of adult male domestic donkeys. Craniometricmeasurements for 40 different parts of the skulls were made. All investigated features were expressed as Mean ±SD. Cephalic indices andratios were calculated by using the investigated features. The craniometric measurements and cephalic indices had been compared withthose of local horses and ponies. A skull length of 443.07±53.57 mm and a maximum zygomatic width of 169.09±17.64 mm wereobtained. The size of donkey skull was between those of local horses and ponies. A skull index of 38.23±0.85, a cranial index of45.01±2.83 and a facial index of 67.80 ±3.79 were obtained. Cranial index and skull index were found to be close in value to that of localhorses and ponies. The results of this study revealed that donkey had a longer nose than local horse and pony, and the differen ce of skulllength in the three species accounted for the facial length difference.KEY WORDS: Skull; Donkey; Craniometry.
Equus asinus
Equus
Pony
Snout
Equidae
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The various groups of mankind display in their physical features which are more or less characteristic of the stock to which they belong. Craniology deals with these differences so far as they affect the skull. The method whereby these differences are recorded involves the accurate measurement of the skull in most of its details. Such procedure is included under the term craniometry. The races of man display great variations in regard to the size of the skull. Apart from individual differences and the proportion of head-size to body-height, it may be generally assumed that the size of the skull in the highly civilised races is much in excess of that displayed in lower types. The size of the head is intimately correlated with the develop-ment of the brain1. The relation of the breadth to the length of the skull is expressed by means of the cranial index 1physical anthropologists attempted to classify human being according to phenotypic variations in to races. Most classifications are based on phenotypic variations which give clear distinction among different races on the basis of morphological features and measurement. Cranial index is an important tool, which may be used to identify the races among the geographical regions. 75 dried skulls collected from different part of Maharastra were measured to determine the cranial index. Skull were classified based on Montagu (1960)2 average maximum cranial length and breadth were 17.11 cm and 12.98 cm. Maximum and minimum reading of cranial length (18.50 and 16.60 cm) and cranial breadth (14.50 and 12.10 cm) respectively. Average cranial index was 75.49 ± 3.95 with maximum and minimum value 87.34 and 68.42 respectively. According to skull classification our study shown maximum skulls were under the category of Mesocranial group (46.66%) and Dolichocranial (42.66%) based on Montagu and Dolichocranial 56% based on Comas.3 Based on the finding of mean cranial index value below 80, It may be concluded that Maharashtra population belongs to Indo-Dravidian race. The average value of foramen magnum index obtained in present study was 84.85 with S.D. 4.77
Foramen magnum
Human skull
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This study was designed to investigate some morphometric characteristics of the skull of the Greater cane rat (GCR) involving 30 morphometric parameters. A total of 10 adult GCR were used for this study comprising of both sexes (5 males and 5 females). Student t-test was used to analyze the values obtained and to determine differences between the sexes. Morphological features were found in the zygomatic bone which occurred as a large and thick bone on both ends. From 30 parameters analyzed, 12 were statistically significant (p≤ 0.05) between both sexes, confirming the presence of sexual dimorphism in the skull of this rodent. This study provided baseline research data on the typology of the skull of the GCR. KEYWORDS : Greater cane rat, morphometry, skull, sexual dimorphism, craniometry.
Sexual dimorphism
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Abstract Cephalometric radiographs were taken of 111 skulls of skeletal remains of populations living in Israel and Jordan during the last 12,000 years. From these radiographs, skull length and height, and cranial thickness were measured. For each sex and period, high correlations were found between cranial thickness at vertex, bregma, and lambda. Cranial thickness at nasion was correlated with sinus width but not sinus height. All measurements were correlated with skull length but not skull breadth. Using multivariate analysis, no significant differences in cranial thickness were found between the sexes. Significant diachronic trends were found in lambda and sinus width, and they were independent of variation in skull length.
Nasion
Cephalometry
Sinus (botany)
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Summary The craniometric measurements in addition to the skull, cranial and facial indices undertaken in the immature and mature male Camelus dromedarius of the Malha phenotype (black) were: the skull length (35.99 cm), maximum width of neurocranium (11.33 cm), cranial length (15.45 cm), maximum zygomatic width (14.81 cm), viscerocranial length (20.55 cm), skull index (41.13), cranial index (73.70), facial index (72.31), cranial volume (231.73 ml) and skull weight (795.70 g) were measured in the immature camels. In the mature camels, the skulls gave the following measurements: the skull length (50.53 cm), maximum width of neurocranium (15.96 cm), cranial length (21.93 cm), maximum zygomatic width (22.75 cm), viscerocranial length (28.60 cm), skull index (45.06), cranial index (72.99), facial index (79.83), cranial volume (310.80 ml) and skull weight (2598.31 g). The results of a total of 30 skulls of immature and mature Malha camel revealed that all the measurements increased with age whereas the cranial index was the only parameter for which a decreased value was recorded. The anterior basicranial angle averaged about 203 ° in the immature animal to increase to an insignificant value of 204 ° in the mature camel skull. Similarly, the posterior basicranial angle did not exhibit a significant difference between the immature and mature values, which ranged between 110 and112 ° ,respectively.
Neurocranium
Morphometrics
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