Achieving extraordinary strength and conductivity in copper wire by constructing highly consistent hard texture and ultra-high aspect ratio
Xueyuan FanJ.P. HouShuo WangZengqian LiuB.S. GongXianghai ZhouQiqiang DuanZhenjun ZhangZhefeng Zhang
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Texture (cosmology)
Aspect ratio (aeronautics)
Copper wire
The electrical resistivity of TiB2 has been measured using a DIA-6 cubic anvil apparatus at pressures up to 8 GPa and temperatures up to 800 K. The ambient-condition resistivity is determined to be 13.3 (±0.9) μΩ cm. The resistivity decreases with increasing pressure. At pressures above 2 GPa, the pressure dependence of the resistivity is about −0.36 μΩ cm/GPa. On heating, the resistivity increases linearly with temperature. The measurements at simultaneously high pressure (3.2 GPa) and high temperatures yield a temperature dependence of 46 (±5) nΩ cm/K for the resistivity.
Ambient pressure
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Electrical resistivity has been measured in the intermetallic compounds REAl6Fe6. A broad curvature of the electrical resistivity against temperature curve in the temperature range around TC was observed. Very large residual resistivity of about two-thirds of the total high temperature resistivity is indicated for all compounds. Electrical resistivity due to spin disordering tends to increase within the RE series. The Curie temperature as obtained from the electrical resistivity is in the range 320-350 K.
Residual resistivity
Atmospheric temperature range
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The electrical resistivity rho and the Hall resistivity rho H of thin films of amorphous Cr1-xMnxGe(0or=0.2 although minima and maxima in the electrical resistivity are observed for x=0 and 0.1. The low-temperature data on the relative electrical resistivity rho R(t) for x>or=0.3 satisfy the relation rho R(T)=A+B exp(-CT). The coefficient C shows a minimum at x approximately=0.5. The Hall resistivity increases monotonically with increasing Mn content. A possible explanation for the magnetic properties of amorphous Cr1-xMnxGe alloys is given on the basis of these transport measurements.
Temperature coefficient
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A debate is currently taking place over the appropriate aspect ratio for advanced television displays. Any selected aspect ratio is inherently incompatible with any other and will require the use of some form of accommodation technique. The derivation of the 16:9 (1.78:1) aspect ratio from accommodation techniques and display modes is explained, as is the relationship between aspect ratio and display memory. Research into the history of aspect ratios indicates that the 1.78:1 aspect ratio was adopted by the Standards Committee of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (SMPE) in 1930. It also indicates that the factors that may initially have led to widescreen motion picture systems may no longer be applicable. The research for this paper found no clear indication of a preference for any particular aspect ratio for moving images nor any physiological reason to favor one over another. The research did show that cinematographers have not always favored the same aspect ratio.
Aspect ratio (aeronautics)
Contrast ratio
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Abstract A simple numerical experiment was performed to investigate the result published in many papers that measurements indicate that aggregates may be well represented as oblate spheroids with mean aspect ratio (semiminor axis to semimajor axis length) of 0.6. The aspect ratio measurements are derived from two-dimensional projections of complex three-dimensional aggregates. Here, aggregates were modeled as ellipsoids with semiprincipal axes of length a , b , and c , which include oblate spheroids ( a = b ) as a class, and the projected aspect ratios of large numbers of two-dimensional projections of them were sampled. When sampling oblate spheroids with aspect ratio 0.6 over random orientations, the mean projected aspect ratio is 0.746. A mean projected aspect ratio of 0.6 is obtained for an oblate spheroid with aspect ratio of 0.33. When sampling randomly oriented ellipsoids with semiminor axes ( b , c ) varying from 0.10 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01, representing many complex shapes, the mean projected aspect ratio is 0.595, close to the measured mean projected aspect ratio of aggregates of 0.6. These experiments demonstrate that the conclusion one may safely draw from the projected aspect ratio measurements is that the mean aspect ratio of aggregates is lower than 0.6. Moreover, the projected aspect ratio distributions from measurements suggest a mixture of aggregate shapes, rather than only oblate spheroids as is often assumed.
Aspect ratio (aeronautics)
Oblate spheroid
Ellipsoid
Spheroid
Axial ratio
Shape factor
Particle (ecology)
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M-28 SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE APPARENT RESISTIVITY IN THE CROSS HOLE RESISTIVITY METHOD I.K. CHO 1 J.H. KIM 2 and S.H. CHUNG 2 INTRODUCTION 1 For dc resistivity method conversion to apparent resistivity can be thought of as simply a normalization of the measured potential difference for the transmitted current and the geometric factor of the array so that the data can be presented in units of the intrinsic rock property-resistivity. In reality the sub-surface ground is not a homogeneous medium and thus the resistivity obtained is no longer the 'true' resistivity but the apparent resistivity which can even be
Normalization
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Carbon fibers
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The electrical resistivity of amorphous Ni80−xMxB16Si4 alloys, M standing for any of the 3d transition metals, was studied in the temperature range ∼2–950 K. The resistivity versus M plots (at constant x) yield typical double-peaked curves, with a minimum at Mn. The origin of this resistivity behaviour is discussed. All the samples show a resistivity minimum, probably due to Kondo effect, at Tmin, which is strongly composition dependent. Negative temperature coefficients of resistivity found about room temperature for several alloys are the consequence of Tmin lying well above room temperature for those alloys.
Atmospheric temperature range
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