Influence of Heat Treatment Temperatures on Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Carbon Cloth/TiO2 Anodes
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Solid-state physics
Carbon fibers
Power density
Internal resistance
Carbon fibers
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Anode performance in the cells is ultimately the most important measure of the anode quality and is not always reflected in the quality certificates. Nordural has through the years developed some tools to measure anode performance in the cells to use as feedback to anode suppliers so that they may improve the anode performance. Anode dusting in the cells leading to anode spikes and loss of current efficiency can be the biggest issue in the supplier – customer relationship. This paper shows some examples of anode dusting excursions experienced with three anonymous anode suppliers, how it was measured in the cells and how it was reduced or resolved in cooperation with the suppliers.
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In this paper,the effect of anode material on MFC electrogenesis is discussed,taken max power,anode potential and internal resistance as evaluation indices.The results indicated that the MFC,which was linked by salt bridge,had a better electrogenesis capacity when carbon material was chosen.Under the same condition,voltage spikes could steadily reach 700 mV and was the highest when carbon cloth was used as anode material.The densities of carbon paper,carbon felt and carbon cloth were 20,55 and 200 g·m-2,respectively.MFC max powers,using these three materials as anode material,were 9.36,12.40 and 37.09 mW,respectively.The results show that the higher density of carbon material is used as anode material,the higher max power will be produced.
Carbon fibers
Power density
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Most laboratory cells used in the investigation of the alumina reduction process use a single anode. When investigating the initiation of the anode effect an approach with more than one anode might give better results, as the probability of obtaining partial anode effect is higher. Additionally, the design is closer to the industrial, where several anodes are connected in parallel. The system constructed consisted of two anodes in separate electrolyte compartments connected in parallel with a single combined cathode. The results indicate that an anode can go in and out of partial anode effect with little influence on the current, although, kept untreated a full anode effect is likely imminent. The results also show that under certain current and alumina conditions, with only two anodes in parallel, an anode can handle approximately the whole load of a fully passivated anode for a certain time.
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An interesting phenomenon observed in the near-anode region of a Hall thruster is that the anode fall changes from positive to negative upon removal of the dielectric coating, which is produced on the anode surface during the normal course of Hall thruster operation. The anode fall might affect the thruster lifetime and acceleration efficiency. The effect of the anode coating on the anode fall is studied experimentally using both biased and emissive probes. Measurements of discharge current oscillations indicate that thruster operation is more stable with the coated anode.
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An interesting phenomenon observed in the near-anode region of a Hall thruster is that the anode fall changes from positive to negative upon removal of the dielectric coating, which is produced on the anode surface during the normal course of Hall thruster operation. The anode fall might affect the thruster lifetime and acceleration efficiency. The effect of the anode coating on the anode fall is studied experimentally using both biased and emissive probes. Measurements of discharge current oscillations indicate that thruster operation is more stable with the coated anode.
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Most laboratory cells used in the investigation of the alumina reduction process use a single anode. When investigating the initiation of the anode effect an approach with more than one anode might give better results, as the probability of obtaining partial anode effect is higher. Additionally, the design is closer to the industrial, where several anodes are connected in parallel. The system constructed consisted of two anodes in separate electrolyte compartments connected in parallel with a single combined cathode. The results indicate that an anode can go in and out of partial anode effect with little influence on the current, although, kept untreated a full anode effect is likely imminent. The results also show that under certain current and alumina conditions, with only two anodes in parallel, an anode can handle approximately the whole load of a fully passivated anode for a certain time.
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This paper studies the behavior of anode bubbles by transparency cell.Anode bubbles grew gradually at anode bottom.The bubbles generated on anode side were smaller than those of anode bottom.Obvious phenomena that diameter of anode bubbles opposite to the cathode was the smallest in all bubbles were observed.The bubbles generated on the anode surface don't collect into bigger bubbles,which is different from the bubbles generated in other parts of anode.The bubbles generated at anode bottom overflow electrolyte by moving between anode and cathode.The diameter of anode bubbles affects cell voltages.Cell voltage increases by 0.21V with diameter of anode bubbles increasing 3 mm.The cell voltage changes by 0.16 V when anode bubbles generated at anode bottom separated from anode at 0.5 A/cm2.The value was 0.12 V at 0.3 A/cm2.
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