Enhancing Proton ARC Treatment Efficiency with a Multi-Arc Approach
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A quantitative investigation on the relationship between arc duration and resistance in Ag contact in air were made by using a contact driving machine to open the contact at low speed (below 1 mm/s), and measured data were analized statistically. The two types of arc (metallic phase arc: short arc, and metallic phase plus gaseous phase arc: long arc) appeared at low opening speed and the type of an arcing has the correlation with the contact resistance. The contact resistance was high after generating long arc, while low after short arc. Characteristics of arc duration was that both of long arc and short arc appeared in period 1, and only short arc appeared concentratedly in period 2, and these states repeated reciprocally. A clear correlation existed between variations of arc duration and resistance
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Arc folders are continua that admit mappings onto an arc where the preimage of each point is either an arc or a point. We show that all arc folders are weakly chainable. Equivalently, they are continuous images of the pseudo-arc. We conclude that a contin
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We investigate characteristics of multi-arc torches with three pairs of electrodes (three cathodes and three anodes) and their performance on the spheroidization of SiO 2 powder. The effect of electrode arrangement, including adjacent pattern (AD pattern, adjacent electrodes powered by one power supply) and opposite pattern (OP pattern, opposite electrodes powered by one power supply), on the dynamics of arc plasma is investigated based on synchronous acquisition of electrical and optical signals. The results show that both the voltage and spatial distribution of each arc of multiple arcs are more stable compared with those of a single arc. The fluctuation of an arc in multiple arcs mainly comes from the small-scale arc-to-arc restrikes among multiple arcs. Moreover, these arc-to-arc restrikes occur more frequently among multiple arc columns in OP pattern than in AD pattern. Moreover, the high-temperature area of the central region of arc chamber in OP pattern is larger than that in AP pattern. For the spheroidization of SiO 2 in this multi-arc generator, the spheronization degrees of plasma treated silica in OP pattern are at least 20% higher than those in AD pattern.
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Static random-dot stereograms (RDS) were used as stimuli to investigate the uncrossed disparity in 15 normal subjects. The response of every subject was recorded with different disparities of 3.27 arc min, 6.54 arc min, 8.18 arc min, 11.45 arc min, 14.72 arc min, 17.99 arc min, 21.26 arc min and 24.53 arc min. The results showed that the human visual system was the most sensitive to stereo images at disparity of 8.18 arc min. Disparity of 21.26 arc min had significant differences with other small disparities in reaction times, as supported the viewpoint that it was reasonable to limit the fine disparity in 20 arc min.
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In this paper, an arc runner model is developed to study behaviors of the arc motion for different current levels and resistance of arc runners. By using high speed CCD camera the arc movements are observed and the influence of resistor of arc runners is analyzed. According to experiment results of the arc motion between parallel poles, for the certain configuration the increase of the pole resistance can reduce the speed of arc motion. However, with the increase of the current, this effect fades gradually. A simplified mathematical model is proposed to explain the reason for the resistance of the arc runner delays arc motion. Without considering the fluid characteristic of the arc, further work may be done to analyze the phenomena that with the higher current, the arc delay effect of resistance fades.
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an experimental study has been performed to determine the arc speed and hesitation time of a high current arc inside a narrow insulating channel with a set of diverging copper arc runners and copper contacts. The dependence of arc speed on current, on diverging angle, and on runner width has been obtained. The results are qualitatively consistent with simple force considerations. Hesitation time (the time the arc remains immobile t H ) is influenced by current and by runner width, both of which affect the magnetic force on the arc. The dependence of t H on contact opening speed leads to the concept of minimum gap for which the arc will start to move.
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Arc immobility phenomena at contact openings are investigated. Effects of contact opening velocity, magnetic field, and contact material on arcs immobility time are examined. Particle compositions of arcs contaminated by metal vapor and ablation gas from polymeric insulating materials are calculated, and a spectroscopic analysis of the arc is presented. Arc immobility phenomenon are related to the amount of metal vapor in the arc. The arc ignited by evaporation of a metal bridge is so metallic at initial stages that the arc temperature is low and the arc radius is long. Arc temperature increases by the admixture of surrounding gas into an arc column and arc shrinkage occurs. Consequently, the arc is easily driven. The arc quenching effect of ablation gas from insulating materials is also investigated.< >
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