Deep eutectic solvent for high-performance aluminum-based hydrated eutectic electrolyte
Cheng LuZhilong WangBowen TaoYing WangJiaping ShengGen TangYue WangXiang Yang GuoJinjin LiLiangming Wei
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Deep eutectic solvent
Measurements of the variation of interlamellar spacing with composition show that the parameter λ2ν is independent of composition in the Ph-Cd system. The results are used to show that the extremum condition of the Hunt and Jackson eutectic growth theory can be used to describe eutectic solidification in this system.
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Various eutectic systems have been proposed and studied over the past few decades. Most of the studies have focused on three typical types of eutectics: eutectic metals, eutectic salts, and deep eutectic solvents. On the one hand, they are all eutectic systems, and their eutectic principle is the same. On the other hand, they are representative of metals, inorganic salts, and organic substances, respectively. They have applications in almost all fields related to chemistry. Their different but overlapping applications stem from their very different properties. In addition, the proposal of new eutectic systems has greatly boosted the development of cross-field research involving chemistry, materials, engineering, and energy. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of these typical eutectics and describe task-specific strategies to address growing demands.
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This study aims to measure the solubility and binary eutectic point parameters (temperatures, densities, and compositions) of H3BO3–H2O, Na2B4O7–H2O, and NaBO2–H2O solid–liquid equilibrium systems. Eutectic temperatures were determined using multichannel thermometers equipped with high-precision Pt25 (±0.004 °C) sensors, whereas densities of the eutectic points were measured using a density meter equipped with an oscillating high-precision U-tube (±0.00005 g/cm3) sensor. Chemical compositions of the binary eutectic point samples were analyzed using an ICP-OES instrument. Eutectic parameters, that is, temperature, density, and composition of the H3BO3–H2O binary system were determined to be −0.61 ± 0.01 °C, 1.0114 ± 0.0005 g/cm3, and 2.37 ± 0.07 wt% respectively. Similarly, the same eutectic parameters were measured as −0.30 ± 0.01 °C, 1.0116 ± 0.0004 g/cm3, and 1.05 ± 0.06 wt% for the binary system of Na2B4O7–H2O, whereas eutectic parameters of the NaBO2–H2O binary system were found to be −6.11 ± 0.01 °C, 1.1823 ± 0.0004 g/cm3, and 13.40 ± 0.09 wt%.
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The eutectic mixture of KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 system is a crucial factor causing buildups in preheating-decomposition systems during the drying process. The lower the melting point of the melts is, the larger the capability of powdery mass that sticks in the melt is, therefore, the greater effects on buildups. The temperature range of the eutectic mixture formation for KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 system was tested and illustrated by chemical agents and an experimental electrical stove. The results show that, for the three-component system comprising KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4, the eutectic point is less than 800 ℃,while the minimum eutectic point is less than 500 ℃. The major range of the eutectic point is 500 — 700 ℃. The eutectic point is lower at a higher content of Na2SO4, indicating that the Na2SO4 has a greater effect on buildups than K2SO4.
Atmospheric temperature range
Eutectic bonding
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Ni3Al has been considerable research area due to its high temperature behavior increasing strength with increasing temperature. A series of directional solidification studies showed that the eutectic occurred between g’/b and the metastable eutectic of g/b forms under slightly different conditions, however, it is not well established whether the eutectic is composed of g/g‘, g’/b, or g/b . In order to understand solidification behavior of the eutectic structure, directional solidification experiments have been carried out with solidification rate near the Ni3Al composition in this study. The effects of the solidification rate and composition on formation of the equilibrium and metastable eutectics have been discussed. The (g’+g) coupled phase was also shown to form with the eutectic at the solid/liquid interface.
Metastability
Directional solidification
Eutectic bonding
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In mixture of a deep eutectic solvent Reline with tetraethylene glycol, inter-species interactions are stronger than the intra-species interactions.
Deep eutectic solvent
Choline chloride
Choline
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Metastability
Eutectic bonding
Rod
Directional solidification
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The choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) mixture has become established as a paradigmatic deep eutectic solvent (DES). Here, we present measurements of the phase behaviour of this mixture over a wide composition range, and provide an extended phase diagram. The eutectic point was found to lie at -28 ± 1 °C and 0.01 <
Choline chloride
Deep eutectic solvent
Choline
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The present investigation is concerned with an anomalous eutectic reaction which takes place at a temperature lower than their ordinary eutectic points, provided that the eutectic system contains at least an intermetallic compound as one of the components. These experiments were carried out for the system of iron and silicon. It was found out that there are two kinds of diffusion rates of silicon into iron, which suggests that a liquid with concentration near to the composition of the compound FeSi is able to coexist with primary solid solutions of iron and silicon at a temperature lower than the ordinary eutectic points.
Eutectic bonding
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Eutectic bonding
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