High current density and flowrate favour the selective removal of fluoride over chloride in electrodialysis
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The limiting current density is of an important parameter in an electrodialysis system, which is the maximum available current density in electro-dialysis procedures. Therefore, it is certainly beneficial to estimate the value of the limiting current density. In this study, the numerical method for estimating the limiting current density is proposed in an electrodialysis with a spacer, which has an important role to mix the ionic solution in term of mass transfer. Moreover, a set of exhaustive experiments for measuring the limiting current density were conducted in order to examine validation of the proposed method. It was found that the present numerical method agrees well with experimental data.
Limiting current
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Anion-exchange membranes 3362W and AM-203 were evaluated for facilitating the concentration of β-Naphthalenesulfonie acid by electrodialysis. The effect of concentration, temperature, electric current and time on the electrodialysis process were studied. Experimental results indicated that electrodialysis was an effective method for concentratingβ-Naphthalenesulfonic acid at 25℃. Higher efficiencies were not obtained at high temperature. The overall current efficiency was 80%～95%.
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The simultaneous determination of fluoride and chloride contents in nickel ore by ion chromatography was established.The sample was decomposed by H2SO4.After water steam distillation at 160-180℃,the fluoride and chloride in testing solution would be released and absorbed by NaOH solution,realizing the separation from matrix and other elements.Then,the contents of fluoride and chloride were determined by ion chromatography.The high-capacity IonPacAS23 anion separation column(4 mm×250 mm) and IonPacAG23 protection column(4 mm×50 mm) were used as chromatographic column and 20 mmol/L NaOH solution was used as eluent.Fluoride and chloride were detected with conductivity detector.The results showed that the peak area of fluoride and chloride had good linear relationship with their contents in the range of 1-25 μg/mL.The correlation coefficients(R) were 1.000 0 and 0.999 6 for fluoride and chloride respectively.The determination results of fluoride and chloride in sample showed high precision.The recoveries of standard addition were all greater than 95%.
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These days electrodialysis is recognized as a promising process for the removal and recovery of nutrients from wastewater. However, the electrodialysis process for nutrient recovery is different from traditional desalination electrodialysis, and limited knowledge exists regarding its new application. Therefore, a comprehensive review and critical comparison of the different parameters and optimal operation conditions for nutrient recovery by electrodialysis in various studies are discussed in this manuscript. The relationship between the nutrient recovery rate and critical operating parameters such as voltage, the total effective area of the membrane, number of cell pairs, and feed composition in various wastewater sources is statistically analyzed. Regression results showed that increasing voltages, membrane, and cell numbers improved the recovery rate, respectively. However, it should be mentioned that different mobility behavior of ions are influenced by an electric double layer, selectivity, repulsion of the ion-exchange membrane, and operation conditions including voltage, current density, operation time, and ion concentrations. Hybrid processes enhance the electrodialysis efficiency in wastewater by increasing the feed concentration. The capital and operating costs of the electrodialysis process can be significantly affected by the pump, electrode, and ion-exchange membrane characteristics. Fouling and scaling as a challenge in electrodialysis are investigated in our study.
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The wastewater contained Cu 2+ which the concentration ranged from 10 to 50 mg/L are used as the target, to investigated the influences of experiment conditions on the treatment efficiency by electrodialysis enrichment experiments, the authors designed the electrodialysis device, and copper sulfate solutions are used as the objectives. The experiments were investigated when the membrane adsorbed bubbles and removing bubbles, the results show that removing bubbles can improve the efficiency of the concentration and desalination. During the electrodialysis process, the intensity of light chamber has effects on the current intensity, the study in this paper proposed a optimization program for the existing electrodialysis devices.
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