Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Short-Circuiting Prevention Mechanisms in Floating Treatment Wetland Retrofitted Stormwater Pond
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SUMMARY Severe flooding in the Northern Suburbs of Sydney resulting from the 8 November 1984 storm, one of the most intense recorded in Sydney, illustrated the limitations and problems of stormwater drainage in the area. Many of the flood problems can be traced to piped systems which are meant to fail (surcharge) during high intensity storms or failed because of inlet blockage. Residents do not appear to understand that such systems do fail and hence take no precautions to reduce potential losses.
Drainage system (geomorphology)
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Combined sewers often overflow during intensive storm activity as the capacity of the system is exceeded in response to excess stormwater inflow. Uncontrolled releases of untreated stormwater as sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) are also possible but are far less documented, mainly due to a lack of available data, despite being a serious issue for many communities across the US. This study conducted a quantitative analysis of several key storm variables with the aim of identifying occurrence thresholds toward triggering overflows for a residential sewershed in the city of Louisville, Kentucky. Using 5-minute rainfall data and the SSO event database from the Louisville Metropolitan Sewer District (MSD), results indicated that occurrence thresholds in total storm rainfall depth (35.6 mm) and maximum storm intensity (50 mm/hr) were present which could be used to classify storms as overflow versus non-overflow events. Additionally, the majority of overflow events resulted from storms with ratios below 0.5 and could be classified as 1-year storm frequency events across all storm durations. Discriminant analysis further identified these variables as significant in grouping the storms into overflow versus non-overflow events. By analyzing the sensitivity of known SSOs within the metro sewer system to various storm characteristics and resulting stormwater inflow this research could provide stormwater planners and affected residents with better predictive and potential management capabilities for future SSO events.
Combined sewer
Inflow
Sanitary sewer
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An investigation of the wetland from Bohai Gulf to Laizhou Bay by GIS and Landsat-7 shows that there are many types of wetlands, such as natural wetlands and artificial wetlands. This area has a wetland area of 15 060.29 km2. Natural wetlands have an area of about 10 071.31 km2, which make up about 67% of wetlands while artificial wetlands occupy about 4 988.98 km2, which constitute about 33% of wetlands in the study area.
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Based on the multi-sensors remote sensing data of Landsat TM acquired in 1986 and 1994, Landsat ETM+ acquired in 2000, CBERS-02 CCD acquired in 2005, and ALOS AVNIR-2 acquired in 2009, the wetlands in Fuzhou coastal zone were classified using stratified decision rules. The coastal wetlands were divided into two categories: natural wetlands and artificial wetlands, from which the natural wetlands include five classes, while the artificial wetlands include three classes. The spatial patterns and dynamic changes of coastal wetlands from1986 to 2009 were analyzed. The main changes of coastal wetlands happened during 1994 to 2005, and there were only a few changes before 1994 and after 2005. From 1986 to 2009, the total area of wetlands had decreased. The area of natural wetlands had decreased during the whole period, and was mainly transformed into aquacultures and non-wetlands area such as construction lands. The area of artificial wetlands had decreased before 2000 and increased after 2000, in which the area of aquacultures had increased very rapidly, and were mainly transformed from non- wetlands area, paddy fields and natural wetlands. The spatial pattern and dynamic change of coastal zone was jointly affected by local policies adjustment, the driving of economic interests and population increase. The temporal wetlands changes were closely related to the local policies.
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The intensities of short-duration rainfall events are fundamental inputs to the design of stormwater management infrastructure. However, since stormwater infrastructure must function as designed for many decades, if there are long-term trends in rainfall intensities, design storms need to be modified. Evidence demonstrates, using data from 13 rain gauges in Ontario, that storm intensities relevant to urban stormwater (5 year) appear to have changed over the last 30 years. The results show, for example, statistical significance at 80% confidence that the 5-year storm has increased, and 85% that the 2-year storm has increased, for the 1 h storm in Waterloo, using partial duration series (PDS) data. The PDS data indicate intensities are increasing at a rate of 1–3% per year. Results show, for example, that a 5-year recurrence storm for PDS for the period 1970–1984 is now very close in magnitude to a 2-year recurrence storm for the period 1985–2003 for Waterloo, Ontario. The implications for a case study demonstrate that 5 out of 12 storm sewer pipes in a subdivision would need to be increased in diameter to obtain the same level of stormwater performance.
Intensity
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SOURCE VERIFICATION OF INAPPROPRIATE DISCHARGES TO STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMSUrban stormwater runoff is traditionally defined as that portion of precipitation which drains from city surfaces exposed to precipitation and flows via natural or man-made drainage systems into receiving waters. But, urban stormwater runoff also includes discharges from many other anthropogenic activities/sources, which find their way into storm drainage systems. The importance of inappropriate...Author(s)Robert PittSoumya ChaturvedulaVerra KarriYukio NaraSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 9: Urban Stormwater—The Wet Weather UmbrellaDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2004ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20040101)2004:16L.1192;1-DOI10.2175/193864704784147089Volume / Issue2004 / 16Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)1192 - 1218Copyright2004Word count596
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