Human Dorsal Root Ganglion spatial ATAC-seq protocol v1
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In this protocol, we describe how to perform spatial ATAC-seq on fresh-frozen human dorsal root ganglion.Keywords:
Dorsal root ganglion
Dorsal cutaneous innervation of the hand with respect to anatomical landmarks: is there a safe zone?
In this study, we aimed to define the borders of the triangular area between the radial and dorsal nerves on the dorsum of the hand and to determine its dimensions using measurements between anatomic landmarks.We statistically analyzed the relation between the distance from Lister's tubercle to the blending point of the central branches of radial and ulnar nerves and the distance between styloids on 14 hands of seven adult human cadavers (5 males, 2 females). The distances of nerve branches to vertical lines drown distally from both styloid processes were also compared with interstyloid distances to help in presuming the course of these nerves.No statistical constant correlation was determined between the measurements. Neither the height of the triangular area nor the courses of both nerves seemed to be quantitatively related to any measurements between the anatomical landmarks.Variability in these measurements in our study indicates that there is no surgical safe zone on the dorsum of the hand.
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Dorsal root ganglion
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Dorsal root ganglion
Root (linguistics)
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Exposing and measuring the dorsal root ganglion of the second cervical spinal nerve (C2 ganglion) and the second intervertebral space, which is present between posterior arch of atlas (APA) and lamina of axis (LA).This study aims to investigate the shape, size, and relation of the C2 ganglion with the adjacent structures that limits the corresponding intervertebral space and the alterations of relation between C2 ganglion and APA and between C2 ganglion and LA with the movements of the head bilaterally.In previous studies, the position and the heights of the C2 ganglion have been described. But the shape of the C2 ganglion and its relation to APA and LA by the movement of the head had not been considered previously.Upper cervical spines of 20 cadavers were dissected posteriorly. The muscles attaching to the atlas and axis were resected to ease the head movements. The heights of the C2 ganglion and space were measured in anatomic position and in hyperextension with opposite rotation position of the head. Originally in this study, plastic dough casts were used to obtain reliable outcomes.The shape of the ganglions was defined in three types: 70% were oval, 20% were spindle-like, and 10% were spherical. The height of the C2 ganglion was 4.97 +/- 0.92 mm on the right side and 4.6 +/- 0.84 mm on the left side. The height of the intervertebral space in anatomic position and in hyperextension with rotation to the opposite position of the head were, respectively, 9.74 +/- 1.77 mm and 7.48 +/- 1.44 mm on the right side and 9.64 +/- 1.47 mm and 7.12 +/- 0.96 mm on the left side. There was no bone contact or impact to the ganglion in each position of the head.The C2 ganglions are confident in their place between APA and LA. No bone contact to the C2 ganglion was detected in either normal limited or in forced head motions.
Intervertebral foramen
Scarpa's ganglion
Lamina
Dorsal root ganglion
Ganglion cyst
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AIM: To establish a primary culture technique of acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and provide a simple & useful in vitro model for study of analgesia. Methods: Acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were planted and cultured; the configuration and growth characters of DRG neurons were observed through inverted microscope.
Dorsal root ganglion
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Dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs) are sensory neurons that reside in ganglions on the dorsal root of the spinal cord. Here we introduce a method for the acute, prospective purification and culture of DRGs from rodents in a serum-free, defined medium, in the absence of glial cells. This immunopanning-based method facilitates the study of DRG biology and function.
Dorsal root ganglion
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Thoracic ganglia
Plexus
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Much published data exists on the position of cervicothoracic ganglion, but a little published research has been done on the cervicothoracic system of dog. Herein, we illustrated topographical position and shape of each ganglion of cervicothoracic system to determine the distribution of nerves dispersing from them on two sides, left and right.Our work designed on the usage of 10 healthy adult dogs. Left cervicothoracic sympathetic system is represented by two ganglia: caudal and middle ganglion, while the right system is represented by three ganglia: caudal, middle cervical and small accessory ganglia.Left caudal cervical ganglion was elongated triangular, while the right one was elongated spindle in shape. Left caudal cervical ganglion was located on lateral surface of longus colli muscle, at the first intercostal space, while the right one was located at the level of the second rib. Left middle cervical ganglion was ovoid in shape and located at the first intercostal space, while the right one was located at the level of the second rib. There were two nerve trunks forming ansa subclavian trunk on both sides. There were three sympathetic-parasympathetic communicating branches on both sides.Our study recorded the first observation of left pericardial branch in dog, which originated from the caudal angle of middle cervical ganglion. There was a small ganglion located on the lateral surface of trachea at the level of the first rib.
Sympathetic trunk
Superior cervical ganglion
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Dorsal root ganglion
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