A Comparative Analysis of Beta-cypermethrin Nanoemulsion and Traditional Emulsion Dosages on Enzyme Activities in Blattella germanica
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ObjectiveTo compare the impact of two pesticide dose forms on Blattella germanica (B. germanica)resistance enzymes.The micro-drop technique was utilized on subcultured B. germanica, and the metabolic enzyme activity was assessed.Using spectrophotometry, the relative enzyme activities of B.germanica were determined.Profile analysis was used to compare the enzyme activities of beta-cypermethrin in both nanoemulsion and traditional emulsion forms.Findings: The suppression percentages of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AchE), GST, and P450–O demethylases across different pesticide formulations were analyzed using regression equations, yielding F = 31.18, P < 0.001; F = 9.18, P < 0.001; and F = 4.58, P < 0.02.Conclusion: The suppression of AchE, GST, and P450–O demethylase by beta-cypermethrin nanoemulsion was more significant compared to the beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate.The study concluded that beta-cypermethrin nanoemulsion had a significant impact on insect detoxifying enzymes compared to beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate due to their numerous advantages.Keywords:
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This research aims to understand the effect of dosages combination of mixedhCG and hypophysis extract injection toward ovulation and egg quality of Rasboralateristriata Blkr. There were 5 treatments applied, namely PA= control (1 ml of NaCl 0,65 % /kg body weight), PB = hCG 400 IU/kg body weight + CPE 2 dosages,PC = hCG 600 IU/kg body weight + CPE 2 dosages, PD = hCG 800 IU/kg bodyweight + CPE 2 dosages, PE = hCG 1000 IU/kg body weight + CPE 2 dosages, PF= hCG 1200 IU/kg body weight + CPE 2 dosages. The best result for female fish wasthe combination of hCG 1000 IU/kg body weight + CPE 2 dosages and it shown7.16 laten time; 281 eggs/ ovulation, egg diameter increment 0.267 mm and matureeggs increase 16.67%.
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Studying on reducing viscosity by emulsifying of Xintan heavy oil of Shenli oilfield, it is found that W/O/W poly-phase emulsion dripping will be formed partly while preparing the heavy oil O/W emulsion. The quantity and property of such poly-phase emulsion dripping is related to methods of preparing O/W emulsification. As the O/W emulsion is prepared with the pure heavy oil and active water directly, the poly-phase emulsion dripping formed is a little. The reason is that the oil-water interface film between middle oil phase and external water phase is damaged. It has little effects on the stability of the whole emulsion. However, much more W/O/W poly-phase emulsion drippings are formed when preparing O/W emulsion by utilizing the method of phase inversion with high containing water W/O emulsion. It has great effects on the stability of the whole emulsion.
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Myofibril
Longissimus dorsi
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The clinical data on cases of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) were analysed. Response to initial small dosages (lower than usual) of sodium valproate and further lower maintenance dosages in patients who were seizure free for 2 years on drug were assessed.Seventy-six patients who were diagnosed to have Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy on definite criteria were studied. All patients were put on sodium valproate in dosages (lower than usual) for initial control and further lower maintenance dosage and response evaluated.The clinical profile was found to be similar as in other parts of India. There was a female preponderance and average delay of 4.9 years in final diagnosis. Forty-eight (63.1%) patients showed good control on 15 mg/kg/day dosages of sodium valproate. After a seizure free interval of 2 years, 58% of patients could be maintained on small dosages ranging from 3-5 mg/kg/day to 6-8 mg/kg/day.The majority of JME patients responded well not only to sodium valproate in dosages lower than usually prescribed but required very small dosages for maintenance after a seizure free period of 2 years.
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Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Valproic Acid
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Aqueous two-phase system
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Stimulus (psychology)
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OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and side effects of recombinant human erythropoietin with less dosages or common dosages in anemia with malignancies.METHODS Forty-four cancer patients with anemia were randomly allocated to two rhEPO groups with less dosages or common dosages respectively.The efficacy of all patients were recorded every two weeks during treatment of eight weeks.RESULTS After treatment with rhEPO,the mean hemoglobin and hematocrit level of all cases increased gradually,and had statistical significance with those at baseline after four to six weeks of therapy.The significant difference in mean hemoglobin and hematocrit level from baseline was initially found at six weeks after therapy in less dosages group,and was found at four weeks after therapy in common dosages group.The eight-week effects and hemoglobin and hematocrit of less dosages group were less than those of common dosages group(P0.05 or P0.01).The adverse events and transfusion rates in the two groups all showed no statistical significance.CONCLUSION The efficacy of rhEPO with common dosages was better than rhEPO with less dosages on cancer patients with anemia,and there was no stastical difference between the two methods in adverse effects.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanism of the anti-stress effect of Chinese yam polysaccharides(YP) in mice.A total of 120 male Kunming mice of SPF grade were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control(0 mg /(kg·d)),low dosages group(100 mg /(kg·d)),middle dosages group(200 mg /(kg·d)) and high dosages group of YP(400 mg /(kg·d)).At the end of the 30 day's administration,exhaustive swimming time,liver glycogen,serum urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid content were determined to evaluated the anti-stress effect.Compared with the control,the exhaustive swimming time of middle dosages and high dosages groups significantly increased by 99.03% and 199.64%,respectively.The liver glycogen content of middle dosages and high dosages groups significantly increased by 73.44% and 154.39%,respectively.The serum urea nitrogen content of middle dosages and high dosages groups significantly decreased by 28.44% and 43.75%,respectively.The blood lactic acid content of middle dosages and high dosages groups significantly decreased by 15.22% and 24.29%,respectively.The low dosages group showed no significant difference compared with the control.The results of the study indicated that YP was able to significantly alleviate the stress with a dose-dependent manner in mice.
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Blood urea nitrogen
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A double-blind study was carried out to determine the effect of dosage in the treatment of ragweed hay fever with injections of aqueous ragweed pollen extract. Two concentrations of extract were used, one 20-fold smaller than the other. The volumes administered were such that the dose at the higher concentration was close to the maximum that it is practical to administer. During the ragweed season, the group of patients receiving the higher concentration fared significantly better than the group receiving the lower concentration. It is concluded that large dosages of pollen extract are more effective than small dosages in the treatment of hay fever. The findings indicate that the very low dosages recommended by some would have little influence on the course of pollenosis.
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Hay fever
Ambrosia
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