Hybrid solvent-free nanofluids mediated multifunctional PMMA with transparent, lubricant, and anti-fouling properties
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Research into nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been carried out for more than a decade. Metal oxide nanoparticles dispersed in water are usually applied and the nanofluids can recover 8-16 % more of the original oil in place after or comparing to water flooding, while the oil recovery capacity of carbon tube nanofluids can be even better. Higher viscosities of nanofluids than that of water are one of the key properties that contribute to their good performance in EOR. This work, for the first time, prepared nanofluids from two charcoal samples as well as an active carbon sample for their possible application for EOR. The relationship of nanofluid viscosities with pH values as well as nanoparticle concentrations of the nanofluids was studied for their viscous behaviour in different shear conditions. Their representative viscosity data measured at 100 rpm were examined for the values of the so-called Dispersion Factor (DF). The determined DF values for the charcoal-based nanofluids are close to those of metal oxide nanofluids that have much smaller nanoparticle sizes. The highly porous active carbon nanofluid showed strong viscosity enhancement that is comparable to the values reported for nanofluids of carbon nanotubes. Due to their significant viscosity enhancement and carbon sequestration feature, the charcoal-based nanofluids are promising to be used for EOR.
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Abstract A nanofluid is a liquid that contains nanometer-sized particles. Nanofluids are obtained by dispersing nanometer-sized particles in conventional base fluids such as water, oil, ethylene glycol, etc. Nanoparticles of materials such as metallic oxides (Al2O3, CuO), nitride ceramics (AlN, SiN), carbide ceramics (SiC, TiC), metals (Cu, Ag, Au), semiconductors (TiO2, SiC), single, double or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, alloyed nanoparticles (Al70, Cu30), etc., were used to prepare the nanofluids. This paper presents a procedure for preparing Nanofluids, the properties of Nanofluids, and their applications in various fields, including energy, mechanics, and biomedicine. Then it defines the parameter that challenges the use of Nanofluids in different applications and finally suggests directions for future research on Nanofluids. The thermal conductivity of the Nanofluids is improved at a very low (< 0.1%) percentage of suspended particles. Nowadays, Nanofluids are used efficiently in non-traditional energy resources in absorbing solar energy to increase the temperature.
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An oil based nanofluid including silver as to be nanoparticles was created by EEW method as a one‐step method in three different volume fractions have been experimentally studied. Assessing the stability and viscosity of the nanofluids was involved in this work. The results show that the nanofluids behave in both of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian in different volume concentrations. Also, an enhancement in viscosity of nanofluids has been recognized. In addition, based on the experimental results of this study and the other previous published studies on the oil based nanofluids, a correlation for predicting viscosity of oil based nanofluids has been developed and a good agreement between the experimental viscosity of applied nanofluids in this study and the predicted one has been achieved.
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为了调查提高热和氨水吸收的集体转移的 nanoparticles 的机制，处理，二进制 nanofluids 的几种类型被与 polyacrylic 混合 Al2O3 nanoparticles 准备酸(泛美航空公司)，有聚乙烯乙二醇(木钉 1000 )的 TiO2 ，和锡，原文如此 hydroxyapatite (像笨蛋)与到氨水答案的木钉 10000 分别地。热传导性被使用 KD2 测量职业人员热性质分析器。二进制 nanofluids 的分散稳定性上的表面活化剂和氨的影响被轻吸收性比率索引方法调查。结果证明 nanoparticles，温度以及分散稳定性的类型，内容和尺寸是影响 nanofluids 的热传导性的关键参数。为给定的 nanoparticle 材料和基础液体，到氨水液体的 nanofluid 的热传导性比率作为 nanoparticle 内容和温度增加被增加，并且 nanoparticle 的直径被减少。而且，热传导性比率由改进 nanofluids 的稳定性显著地增加，它被增加表面活化剂或在液体执行合适的氨内容完成。
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Nanofluids have increasingly drawn interest in recent years with their various applications in a number of fields. The method for the preparation of stable nanofluids is a key concern for extending the application of nanofluids. This study focuses on the effect of pH, dosage of surfactant (TX-100), and nanofluid concentration on the stability of a silica nanofluid. Particle size and zeta potential are two important factors to consider in evaluating the stability of the silica nanofluid. Results indicate that the stability of the silica nanofluid highly depends on pH, dosage of surfactant (TX-100), and nanofluid concentration. On the basis of these experiments, the best conditions for the preparation of a silica nanofluid are 0.1 wt. % for the concentration of silica nanoparticles and TX-100 and 10 for pH. A transparent and stable silica nanofluid can thus be obtained.
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