Study Protocol TransTAM: Transdiagnostic Research into Emotional Disorders and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy of the Adaptive Mind
Andrea HermannChristoph BenkeCarlo BleckerBenjamin de HaasYifei HeStefan G. HofmannJona Ruben IfflandJohanna Jengert-StahlTilo KircherKatrin LeinweberMarcel LinkaChristoph MulertMarie K. NeudertAnn-Kathrin NollChristiane A. MelzigWinfried RiefConstantin A. RothkopfAxel SchäferChristina V. SchmitterVerena SchusterRudolf StarkBenjamin StraubeR. ZimmerLukas Kirchner
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Background: Emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders share significant similarities in their etiology and treatment. In recent decades, these commonalities have been increasingly recognized in classification systems and treatment programs crossing diagnostic boundaries. Methods: To examine the prospective effects of different transdiagnostic markers on relevant treatment outcomes, we plan to track a minimum of N = 200 patients with emotional disorders during their routine course of cognitive behavioral therapy at two German outpatient clinics. We will collect a wide range of transdiagnostic markers, ranging from basic perceptual processes and self-report measures to complex behavioral and neurobiological indicators, before entering therapy. Symptoms and psychopathological processes will be recorded before entering therapy, between the 20th and 24th therapy session, and at the end of therapy. Discussion: Our results could help to identify transdiagnostic markers with high predictive power, but also provide deeper insights into which patient groups with which symptom clusters are less likely to benefit from therapy, and for what reasons.Keywords: Therapy response, therapy outcome prediction, naturalistic outpatient sample, neurobiological markers, transdiagnostic markers, transdiagnostic symptom dimensions, longitudinal study, cognitive behavioral therapy.Keywords:
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Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious and incapacitating disorder that can be managed effectively, despite its chronic progression. Aim: The present study aimed to compare the impact of dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety and aggression in patients with OCD. Method: In this quasi-experimental research, employing a pretest-posttest control group design, the study population comprised girls diagnosed with OCD from the first and second level secondary schools in districts 1 and 3 of Tehran, Iran, during 2022. Through convenience sampling, a total of 45 participants were randomly selected and allocated to the experimental and control groups. In order to collect data, the Maudsley’s Obsessive Compulsive Test (1977), the Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (1988), and the Bass Perry’s Aggression Questionnaire (1992) were employed. The cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy were administered to experimental groups 1 and 2, respectively. The analysis of the collected data was conducted using SPSS Version 22, employing the method of multivariate mixed analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy improved anxiety (F=50.539) and aggression (F=80.878) in people with OCD when compared to the control group (MD=-12.759 and -12.654 for anxiety, respectively; MD=-20.446 and -25.609 for aggression, respectively; P<0.05). Moreover, it was found that dialectical behavior therapy was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy in alleviating aggression (MD=-5.143, P<0.05). Conclusion: The two methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy improved the level of anxiety and aggression in individuals with OCD. Therefore, considering the effectiveness of therapeutic methods, they can be used as effective psychological interventions to reduce anxiety and aggression.
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Purpose This study aims to evaluate and summarize the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and internet-based CBT (ICBT) interventions on relapse prevention and severity of symptoms among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). CBT is one of the most used and suggested interventions to manage MDD, whereas ICBT is a novel effective proposed approach. Design/methodology/approach The review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. A comprehensive and extensive search was performed to identify and evaluate the relevant studies about the effectiveness of CBT and ICBT on relapse prevention and severity of symptoms among patients with MDD. Findings A total of eight research studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. RCT studies were conducted to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of CBT and ICBT on relapse prevention and severity of symptoms among patients with MDD. It has been found that CBT is a well-supported and evidently based effective psychotherapy for managing depressive symptoms and reducing the relapse and readmission rate among patients diagnosed with MDD. The ICBT demonstrated greater improvements in depressive symptoms during major depressive episodes among patients with MDDS. The ICBT program had good acceptability and satisfaction among participants in different countries. Research limitations/implications Despite the significant findings from this systematic review, certain limitations should be acknowledged. First, it is important to note that all the studies included in this review were exclusively conducted in the English language, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings to non-English speaking populations. Second, the number of research studies incorporated in this systematic review was relatively limited, which may have resulted in a narrower scope of analysis. Finally, a few studies within the selected research had small sample sizes, which could potentially impact the precision and reliability of the overall conclusions drawn from this review. The authors recommend that nurses working in psychiatric units should use CBT interventions with patients with MDD. Practical implications This paper, a review of the literature gives an overview of CBT and ICBT interventions to reduce the severity of depressive symptoms and prevent patients’ relapse and rehospitalization and shows that CBT interventions are effective on relapse prevention among patients with MDD. In addition, there is still no standardized protocol to apply the CBT intervention in the scope of reducing the severity of depressive symptoms and preventing depression relapse among patients with major depressive disorder. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this review. Future research is also needed to find out the most effective form and contents of CBT and ICBT interventions for MDD. Social implications CBT is a psychological intervention that has been recommended by the literature for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). It is a widely recognized and accepted approach that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to assist individuals overcome their depressive symptoms and improve their overall mental well-being. This would speculate that effectiveness associated with several aspects and combinations of different approaches in CBT interventions and the impact of different delivery models are essential for clinical practice and appropriate selection of the interventional combinations. Originality/value This systematic review focuses on the various studies that explore the effectiveness of face-to-face CBT and ICBT in reducing depressive symptoms among patients with major depressive disorder. These studies were conducted in different countries such as Iran, Australia, Pennsylvania and the USA.
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