Tracing N2O from dairy processing sludge amended soil with visualizing microscale heterogeneity of NH3 and pH (Short Communication)
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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from organic waste and animal slurry contribute to climate change and endanger our ecosystems. For the development of efficient mitigation technologies, in-depth knowledge of emission processes is needed. This can be obtained by non-destructive, temporal measurements of in-situ soil profiles and the transformation of ammonium (NH4+) during events of emissions. Planar optode imaging is a non-destructive measuring method that can be used to visualize spatiotemporal changes of ammonia (NH3) and pH in soil systems. In this study, soil amended with dairy processing sludge (DPS) was incubated in static chambers for 23 days, and GHG emissions, NH3 concentrations and pH in the soil were measured simultaneously over time. The aim was to investigate the potential of applying different planar optodes to provide information that gives insight into processes of N2O emissions. The DPS was applied to the soil as a surface layer (SL), with untreated soil as a control (CK). We were able to measure N2O emissions while monitoring spatiotemporal changes of soil pH and NH3 concentrations. The visualized microscale heterogeneity of the soil contributed to a better understanding of N2O emission processes. While technical challenges (e.g., humidity sensitivity of the NH3 optode and airtightness of the chambers) still need to be overcome, the method is a promising non-destructive method to study soil processes after application of different types of soil amendments.Keywords:
Microscale chemistry
Tracing
Microscale chemistry is an approach to conducting chemistry experiments which can help overcome increased concerns about environmental pollution problems as well as rising laboratory costs. It is accomplished by using miniature labware and significantly reduced amounts of chemicals. The main goal of this study was to explore whether the use of microscale chemistry experiments can increase student’s understanding of chemistry concepts and improve attitude towards chemistry practical work. Quasi-experimental design without control group was used to determine from purposively selected class of 40 freshman students of Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE). The students worked in groups on eight microscale chemistry experiments in a period of 8 weeks. Pre and post-test were administered before and after the treatment. Results revealed that microscale approach significantly improved student chemistry academic performance. Students’ perception of microscale is positive. Findings showed that the microscale approach can increase understanding of chemistry concepts.
Keywords: learning, students’ attitude, microscale laboratory
Microscale chemistry
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In this paper, based on the characteristics of microscale chemistry experiment, the design focuses on a group of representative and it is conducive to student's participation and innovative Microscale chemistry experiment. The experiment is feasible, especially for the students in secondary schools. And to popularize the microscale chemistry experiment has a positive significance on cultivating students's innovative spirit and pracitsing ability.
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On this paper the micrpscafe titrate anslysis experimental is studed by the microscale titrate installation of made by oneself.It shows that this installation determined accurate and precision of the result is as corresponding as the conventional method.The meathod can save large number reagent(90%) and time,at the same time greatly ease environment pollute due to reagent.
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Summary Conventional models of solute transport in soil consider only soil volumes large enough to average over microscale heterogeneities, and it is assumed that microscale variations are unimportant at the macroscale. In this research we test this assumption for cases in which the microscale distribution of solute‐sorbing sites is patchy. We obtain a set of equations at the macroscale that allow for the effect of the microscale distribution with the mathematical technique of homogenization. We combine these equations with an image‐based model that describes the true microscale pore geometry in a real, structured soil measured with X ‐ray computed tomography. The resulting models are used to test the microscale averaging assumptions inherent in conventional models. We show that, in general, macroscale diffusion is little affected by microscale variation in the distribution of sorption sites. Therefore, for most purposes the assumption of microscale averaging used in conventional models is justified. The effects of microscale heterogeneity are noticeable only when (i) the rate of sorption is slow compared with diffusion, but still fast enough to affect macroscale transport and (ii) the defined macroscale volume approaches the microscale. We discuss the effects when these conditions are met. Highlights When does microscale variation need to be allowed for in macroscale transport and reaction models? We use image‐based modelling and homogenization to answer this. We find macroscale transport is generally little affected by microscale patchiness of sorption sites. The microscale averaging implicit in conventional models is justified in most cases.
Microscale chemistry
Homogenization
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Introduction Instrumental Requirements in Microscale HPLC Microscale Columns Detection Systems Hyphenated Systems That Employ Microscale Columns Post-Column Derivatization in Microscale HPLC Applications of Microscale HPLC List of Available Packing Materials for the Preparation of Packed and Semi-Micro Columns and Packed Microcolumns List of Symbols.
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Metal micro forming is microscale effect in the process of classification and evaluation, for the correct understanding of micro forming and conventional forming difference, it is guiding significance in the course of micro forming technology similar to conventional forming which is applied to the data and experience. The microscale effect is beneficial to accurate grasp of all kinds of microscale effect in the forming reasonable classification and evaluation.Change law of microscale affects the nature of knowledge for the right team which provides effective quantitative data, when determine the major hours of rights, it also can provide the guiding idea for material selection and process optimization.The reasonable classification and evaluation of microscale effect is the experience that conventional forming calculation provides a reality way. In all kinds of process load calculation, as long as the material intrinsic microscale is joined, microscale can be introduced in corresponding few and the process conditions.
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Some experiences and suggestions were presented in this paper.More work should be put on the knowledge spreading and the wide application of microscale laboratory according to our experiences coming from the spreading application of microscale laboratory.It will become better to extend the application of microscale laboratory if we can strengthen the microscale laboratory education for the teachers' college students as well as if we can give high school teachers more knowledge about microscale laboratory and cultivate them to do it.
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Microscale chemistry
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<span>Microscale Chemistry has become the method of choice for the teaching laboratories in the United States. This introspective look at the development of microscale Chemistry details the advantages prornised by microscale Chemistry during the early developmental phase of microscale in the United States. These advantages are then compared to the current usage of microscale. This comparison is designed to highlight areas for potential development of the field.</span>
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