Fe/Cu diatomic sites dispersed on nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon for the boosted oxygen reduction reaction in Mg-air and Zn-air batteries
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Oxygenophilic ionic liquids promote the oxygen reduction reaction in Pt-free carbon electrocatalysts
We propose a novel idea to improve the surface properties of carbon-based Pt-free electrocatalysts in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs).
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Abstract The development of high active and stable Pt−M (M=transition metals) electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The main challenge of Pt−M electrocatalysts is their instability, mainly due to the leaching of M. In this study, we report the design of P and O co‐doped octahedral PtCo alloy on Ketjen carbon black (P x ‐Oct PtCo/C) through a seed‐mediated synthesis. In‐situ FTIR spectroscopy revealed that P 0.61 ‐Oct PtCo/C has the lowest d‐band center, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity. The strong interaction formed by chemical bond between O and Co in P x ‐Oct PtCo/C, observed by EXAFS spectra effectively inhibited the dissolution of Co and improved the ORR stability. The mass activity and specific activity of P 0.61 ‐Oct PtCo/C can reach 0.61 A mg Pt −1 and 2.4 mA cm −2 , respectively, which is 4.1 times and 10.9 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. After 50,000 potential cycles, the loss of mass activity is only 25 %, surpassing the DOE 2025 target of less than 40 % loss after 30,000 cycles. This study offers an alternative approach to enhancing the activity and durability of Pt−M electrocatalysts for the ORR.
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The hollow PtxNi1−x/C nanocrystallites are capable of fulfilling cost, electrocatalytic performance, and durability requirements of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell applications.
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A synergetic catalytic system was built based on Pt NPs and atomic Ni–N–C joint active sites for better ORR electrocatalysis.
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Recent developments of hollow carbon sphere-based materials as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are summarized, particularly focusing on surface and interface engineering strategies that greatly enhance ORR performance.
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Interface (matter)
Surface Engineering
Oxygen evolution
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Ultrathin Pt layers can be generated on Pd and Au nanocrystals by coordination effect assisted synthesis for the oxygen reduction reaction.
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The ability to precisely control the nanoscale phase structure of bimetallic catalysts is required to achieve a synergistic effect between two metals for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
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Oxygen reduction reaction-favoring PtPdAg hollow nanoparticle, nanodimer and nanowire catalysts are synthesized, all of which have been demonstrated to be promoting factors for the ORR. PtPdAg/C nanodimers exhibit excellent performance for the ORR with the highest mass activity.
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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells represent a next-generation power supply technology that may be used in a diverse range of applications. Towards this end, the rational design and engineering of functional nanomaterials as low-cost, high-performance catalysts is of critical significance in the wide-spread commercialization of fuel cell technology. One major bottleneck is the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode. Whereas platinum-based nanoparticles have been used as the catalysts of choice, further engineering of the nanoparticles is urgently needed to enhance the catalytic performance and concurrently reduce the costs. Extensive research has also been extended to non-platinum metals or even metal-free nanocatalysts that may be viable alternatives to platinum. In this review article, we will summarize recent progress in these areas of research within the context of interfacial electron transfer: (a) interactions between metal elements in alloy nanoparticles, (b) metal-ligand interfacial bonding interactions, (c) metal-carbon substrate interactions, and (d) heteroatom doping of graphitic carbons. Results have shown that ready manipulation of the electronic interactions between the catalyst surface and oxygen species may serve as a fundamental mechanism for the optimization of the catalytic performance.
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Platinum nanoparticles
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