Examining community‐level social vulnerability and emergency department use for people living with sickle cell disease in Michigan
Jennylee S. SwallowKrista LattaMelissa PlegueHannah K. PengRenuka TipirneniDominic SmithFélice Lê‐ScherbanKevin J. DombkowskiSarah L. Reeves
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This study examined associations between emergency department (ED) visits and social vulnerability index (SVI) among Michigan's population with sickle cell disease (SCD) using data from the Michigan Sickle Cell Data Collection program (n = 3658 in 2018). SVI was higher among census tracts where people with SCD resided (mean SVI = 0.67; SD = 0.27) compared to census tracts without SCD residents (mean SVI = 0.39; SD = 0.25; p < .001). For children with SCD, for every 0.1 increase in SVI score, the number of ED visits increased by 6% (IRR = 1.061; SE = 0.03; p = .038). Future research should investigate the association between SVI and ED use, at the community and household levels, to elucidate strategies to reduce ED use among children with SCD.Keywords:
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Actually the hazards are not the direct causes of disaster, the degree of vulnerability of populations to hazards do not depend solely on the proximity of the source of threat or the physical nature of hazard, social factors also plays an important role in determining vulnerability. According to the risk management model, physical and social vulnerability are linked to the place of vulnerability. In this research we explain disparities of losses and damages after the disaster of Boumerdes cities in 2003. We assess the relation between social and physical vulnerabilities and how they built the disaster of 2003. A geographic information system was used to establish areas of vulnerability based upon the expertise of the built environment and 10 social characteristics for the cities of Boumerdes Province.The important result is the intersection of degrees of physical vulnerability with those of social vulnerability; the other result is that the most socially vulnerable cities are those living in areas of high physical vulnerability. This manuscript contributes to the development of a general theory on disasters as an intersection between social and physical vulnerabilities and highlights the importance of integrating vulnerabilities into risk and disaster reduction policies in Algeria.
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Vulnerability to climate change is a complex and dynamic phenomenon involving both social and physical/environmental aspects. It is presented as a method for the quantification of the vulnerability of all municipalities of Minas Gerais, a state in southeastern Brazil. It is based on the aggregation of different kinds of environmental, climatic, social, institutional, and epidemiological variables, to form a composite index. This was named "Index of Human Vulnerability" and was calculated using a software (SisVuClima®) specifically developed for this purpose. Social, environmental, and health data were combined with the climatic scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5, downscaled from ETA-HadGEM2-ES for each municipality. The Index of Human Vulnerability associated with the RCP 8.5 has shown a higher vulnerability for municipalities in the southern and eastern parts of the state of Minas Gerais.
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Vulnerability index
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Accident and emergency
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While recent research has recognized the importance of considering social vulnerability, the changing patterns of social vulnerability within cities and the climate adaptation challenges these shifts pose have yet to receive much attention. In this article, we evaluate the changing patterns of social vulnerability in three coastal cities (Houston, New Orleans, and Tampa) over a thirty-year time period (1980–2010) and integrate neighborhood change theories with theories of social vulnerability to explain those patterns. Through this analysis, we highlight emerging dimensions of vulnerability that warrant attention in the future adaptation efforts of these cities.
Vulnerability
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Polyembolokoilamania in the Emergency Department Polyembolokoilamania is a rare but serious medical condition that involves the presence of multiple foreign bodies in the patient's body [1]. This condition can be challenging to diagnose and manage in the emergency department. In this chapter, we will discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and management of polyembolokoilamania in the emergency department.
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Despite of a recent increase in the number of vulnerability analysis, there has been relatively little discussion on vulnerability assessment of social system. The objective of this paper is to undertake a comprehensive systematic analysis of the social vulnerability hit by natural disasters as well as its application in China. Fourteen unique variations of the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) were calculated for each study area and evaluated by factor analysis, and overall social vulnerability was calculated by applying principal components analysis (PCA), and then made use of GIS to get the spatial patterning of social vulnerability. The paper concludes that it is possible to construct an effective index of vulnerability, and our results can be also taken as an important way to recognize social characteristics of natural disasters.
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Abstract This entry details a spatial social science perspective for environmental hazards vulnerability analysis. Vulnerability science is an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the characteristics of potential hazards such as magnitude, frequency, and duration (physical vulnerability) with characteristics of people and the built environment that either increase or decrease their impacts (social vulnerability). It is the combination of the physical and social processes and associated outcomes that contribute to the overall vulnerability of places. Spatial social science methods and tools (such as geographic information systems) provide the integrative mechanism for comparing vulnerability at various geographic scales such as census tracts, counties, or cities.
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