PhD studies hurt mental health, but less than previously feared
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We study the mental health of PhD students in Sweden using comprehensive administrative data on prescriptions, specialist care visits, hospitalizations, and causes of death. We find that about 7 % (5 %) of PhD students receive medication or diagnosis for depression (anxiety) in a given year. These prevalence rates are less than one-third of the earlier reported survey-based estimates, and even after adjusting for difference in methodology, 43 % (72 %) of the rates in the literature. Nevertheless, PhD students still fare worse than their peers not pursuing graduate studies. Our difference-in-differences research design attributes all of this health disadvantage to the time in the PhD program. This deterioration suggests doctoral studies causally affect mental health.Keywords:
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Through the lens of the Salieri effect (Clark & Corcoran, 1986) and accumulative disadvantage, thepurpose of the study is to describe and explain the under-representation of women in thesuperintendency despite their over-representation in the teaching profession. The following will beaccomplished: (a) a description of the stories of women’s lives and experiences that pertains to ordescribe a career in education administration; (b) an analysis of the stories these women tell throughthe lens of the Salieri effect and accumulative disadvantage; © other realities that may be revealed; (d)an assessment of the usefulness of the Salieri effect and accumulative disadvantage for explaining thephenomenon under review.
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This paper explores the advantage and disadvantage based on the current situation of the multimedia teaching and application of the clinical medical education,and suggests that teachers and students should be the center of attention rather than to rely on the multi-media application only.By this way,teaching tools can be effectively used and a greater role of teachers can be played and finally the better medical educative purpose has been achieved.
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The sport competitions nowadays become more and more aboil, the away court disadvantage attracts peoples' attention gradually. The present study analysised the main factors which result in the away court disadvantage, and carried out some training measures to decrease the away court disadvantage, these measures can help the coaches and the athletes to make the away court disadvantage to the least degree.
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The biggest advantage for china to join the WTO is to promote the long term development of our economic construction.but in a short time it will bring the presure and lash to some industries and trades of our country.It has advantage and disadvantage for china to join the WTO comparatively speaking.the advantageis more important thandisadvantage.We can't only lose the advantage because of the disadvantage but also the developing chance.We should take the active attitude and correct tactics to accept the challenge of the disadvantage.
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The negative effect of the disadvantage groups that appear in colleges in recent years has become one of the obstacles to constructing harmonious campus. College should take efficient measures to help the disadvantage groups and make these students become talented people with other students on the same platform.
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Through using the method of experiment and questionnaire,this paper makes investigation and teaching experiment of outward bound training for some college disadvantage groups,discusses the influence on mental health of disadvantage group by the brand-new modern education idea and advanced reform development consciousness.The result shows that outward bound is helpful to enhance the self-respect of college disadvantage group and improve their mental health level.
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Challenging current thinking, this important book is the first to focus on the role of area-based initiatives to tackle the link between education, disadvantage and place. Aimed at all those actively seeking to tackle disadvantage, including policymakers, practitioners, academics and students.
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To investigate the characteristics of self-esteem in college students with economic disadvantage.Using the Scale of Self-worth for Young Students,we collect data on 266 students with economic disadvantage and 279 normal students in comparison.The result is as follows.(1)The self-esteem of the college students with economic disadvantage is lower than the national norm on SS1 and SS4.(2)Sex and grade effects exist in college students with economic disadvantage.(3)The self-esteem of students with economic disadvantage is lower than the normal college students.To find the causes of the difference,we discuss the psychological meaning of the economic disadvantage and the comparison between persons in society etc.Then we bring out the educational suggestions.
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Intergenerational disadvantage has been defined as “disadvantage induced by the attitudes, social circumstances or economic limitations of a person’s parents’ (Vinson, 2009,P. 1). This disadvantage could be in terms of poverty, labour force, or lack of access to opportunities that other children may have. One of the limitations of this concept is that it only takes into account direct family, so it is only how a person’s parents affect their disadvantage. However, we know that the local community also affects disadvantage, and that disadvantage tends to cluster. The obvious question that this paper tries to answer is do areas with high levels of disadvantage have high levels of disadvantage for all age groups in the area? Or are there areas where a high proportion of disadvantaged elderly people and a low proportion of disadvantage children live? And where are these areas (eg, rural/regional areas, capital cities, inner urban areas). Answering this question will give some idea of which areas have entrenched disadvantage, so disadvantage that covers a number of generations. It is these areas where broad policies to reduce disadvantage for everyone are important, rather than targeted policies to reduce disadvantage for children or the elderly. This paper finds that remote areas suffer the greatest proportion of people in areas where there are four generations disadvantaged, and urban areas have the most people in areas where no generations are in disadvantage. This does suggest that the Government should be concentrating on efforts to reduce multiple generation disadvantage in remote areas.
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