Bacterial reprogramming of tick metabolism impacts vector fitness and susceptibility to infection
Sourabh SamaddarAgustín RolandelliAnya J. O’NealHanna J. Laukaitis-YouseyLiron MarninNisha SinghXiaowei WangL. Rainer ButlerParisa RangghranChrysoula KitsouFrancy E. Cabrera PazLuisa M. ValenciaCamila R. FerrazUlrike G. MunderlohBenedict KhooBenjamin CullKristin L. RoscheDana K. ShawJonathan D. OliverSukanya NarasimhanErol FikrigUtpal PalGary FiskumBrian M. PolsterJoao H. F. Pedra
4
Citation
65
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Ixodes scapularis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Obligate
Amblyomma americanum
Anaplasmosis, caused by the tickborne bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, is an emerging public health threat in the United States. In the northeastern United States, the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) transmits the human pathogenic genetic variant of A. phagocytophilum (Ap-ha) and a nonpathogenic variant (Ap-V1). New York has recently experienced a rapid and geographically focused increase in cases of anaplasmosis. We analyzed A. phagocytophilum-infected I. scapularis ticks collected across New York during 2008-2020 to differentiate between variants and calculate an entomological risk index (ERI) for each. Ap-ha ERI varied between regions and increased in all regions during the final years of the study. Space-time scan analyses detected expanding clusters of Ap-ha located within documented anaplasmosis hotspots. Ap-ha ERI was more positively correlated with anaplasmosis incidence than non-genotyped A. phagocytophilum ERI. Our findings help elucidate the relationship between the spatial ecology of A. phagocytophilum variants and anaplasmosis.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Anaplasmosis
Ixodes scapularis
Tick-borne disease
Cite
Citations (10)
One group of eight beagles was treated with a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin 7 days before exposure to Ixodes scapularis ticks that were naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A second group of eight beagles was not treated and was also exposed to infected ticks. Seven of eight non-treated dogs--but none of the treated dogs--developed specific antibodies to A. phagocytophilum. Results of this study indicate that a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin can prevent transmission of A. phagocytophilum to dogs if administered before exposure to infected ticks.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Ixodes scapularis
Anaplasmosis
Cite
Citations (30)
Dermacentor variabilis
Amblyomma americanum
Ixodes scapularis
Dermacentor
Amblyomma
Parasitiformes
Cite
Citations (0)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Anaplasmosis
Ehrlichiosis
Tick-borne disease
Anaplasmataceae
Cite
Citations (15)
A total of 150 nymphal Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) (Acari: Ixodidae) from the Czech Republic were examined for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) Dumler et al., 2001 by PCR using EHR521/747 primers: 22 of 50 pools were positive (minimum prevalence, 14.7%).However, sequencing of the PCR products did not show complete homology with A. phagocytophilum (91%) while the closest relationship (95%) was found to "Candidatus Ehrlichia walkerii".The results indicate a need for care in interpretation of Anaplasma PCR results and for PCR optimization for detecting A. phagocytophilum in ticks.The causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) (formerly called human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, HGE) is Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) Dumler et al., 2001 (formerly called Ehrlichia phagocytophila) (Anaplasmataceae, Rickettsiales), a gramnegative obligate intracellular bacterium with tropism to leukocytes in the vertebrate host.This is an emerging zoonotic disease transmitted by ixodid ticks and first described in the USA, where several hundred cases have been reported since 1994 (Bakken and Dumler 2006).A limited number of laboratory-confirmed cases of human anaplasmosis due to A. phagocytophilum have been reported from countries in Europe, including Austria, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden (Bakken and Dumler 2006), and the common tick Ixodes ricinus (L.) has been identified as the principal vector of this rickettsial agent in Europe (Parola and Raoult 2001).In Europe, prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in I. ricinus differs considerably according to various authors (Table 1).The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in nymphal I. ricinus ticks in an area of South Moravia (Czech Republic) where Lyme borreliosis is endemic (Hubálek et al. 2003).Host-seeking nymphal I. ricinus were collected by flagging low vegetation during September 2003.All tick specimens were frozen at -60°C until examination.Immediately before DNA isolation, nymphs were surface-sterilized with 70% ethanol (PCR quality), then pooled (3 nymphs per pool) and mechanically disrupted using a sterile glass microblender.The total genomic DNA was extracted with QIAamp DNA Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to manufacturer's instructions.PCR de-
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Tick-borne disease
Anaplasmosis
Cite
Citations (3)
We focus on the biology, role in human disease (primarily east of the Rocky Mountains), and identification of hard ticks. The 5 species most commonly received in our parasitology laboratory for identification are described, 3 of which have been widely documented as vectors of disease (Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor variabilis, and Amblyomma americanum). Ixodes cookei and Ixodes marxi, which readily feed on humans in the Northeast, are discussed to differentiate them from Ixodes scapularis.
Ixodes scapularis
Amblyomma americanum
Dermacentor variabilis
Identification
Parasitology
Cite
Citations (5)
Abstract Ixodes scapularis (deer ticks) from Maine were tested for multiple infections by polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. In 1995, 29.5%, 9.5%, and 1.9% of deer ticks were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti, respectively. In 1996 and 1997, the number of A. phagocytophilum-infected ticks markedly declined. In 1995 through 1996, 4 (1.3%) of 301 were co-infected.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Ixodes scapularis
Tick-borne disease
Anaplasmosis
Cite
Citations (62)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected by real-time PCR, which targeted the msp2 gene, in 2.9% of questing Ixodes ricinus ticks (adults and nymphs; n = 2,862), collected systematically from selected locations in Bavaria, Germany, in 2006. Prevalence was significantly higher in urban public parks in Munich than in natural forests.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Tick-borne disease
Cite
Citations (61)
Abstract We developed PCR-based assays to distinguish a human pathogenic strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ap-ha, from Ap-variant 1, a strain not associated with human infection. The assays were validated on A. phagocytophilum-infected blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) collected in Canada. The relative prevalence of these 2 strains in I. scapularis ticks differed among geographic regions.
Ixodes scapularis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Tick-borne disease
Strain (injury)
Cite
Citations (36)
We focus on the biology, role in human disease (primarily east of the Rocky Mountains), and identification of hard ticks. The 5 species most commonly received in our parasitology laboratory for identification are described, 3 of which have been widely documented as vectors of disease (Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor variabilis, and Amblyomma americanum). Ixodes cookei and Ixodes marxi, which readily feed on humans in the Northeast, are discussed to differentiate them from Ixodes scapularis.
Ixodes scapularis
Amblyomma americanum
Dermacentor variabilis
Parasitology
Identification
Cite
Citations (0)