Weak Value Amplification Based Optical Sensor for High Throughput Real-Time Immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Xiaonan ZhangLizhong ZhangHan LiYang XuLingqin MengGengyu LiangBei WangLe LiuTian GuanCuixia GuoYonghong He
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The demand for accurate and efficient immunoassays calls for the development of precise, high-throughput analysis methods. This paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a weak measurement interface sensor for immunoassays, offering a solution for high throughput analysis. Weak measurement is a precise quantum measurement method that amplifies the weak value of a system in the weak interaction through appropriate pre- and post-selection states. To facilitate the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples, we have developed a chip with six flow channels capable of conducting six immunoassays concurrently. We can perform real-time immunoassay to determine the binding characteristics of spike protein and antibody through real-time analysis of the flow channel images and calculating the relative intensity. The proposed method boasts a simple structure, eliminating the need for intricate nano processes. The spike protein concentration and relative intensity curve were fitted using the Log-Log fitting regression equation, and R2 was 0.91. Utilizing a pre-transformation approach to account for slight variations in detection sensitivity across different flow channels, the present method achieves an impressive limit of detection(LOD) of 0.85 ng/mL for the SARS-CoV-2 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, with a system standard deviation of 5.61. Furthermore, this method has been successfully verified for monitoring molecular-specific binding processes and differentiating binding capacities.摘要: 神经元集群编码和spike train分析是神经信息处理的关键问题。该文介绍了一种利用高阶多维泊松模型对spike train进行分类预测的方法，并从spike的强度分布、匹配准确性和集成策略上进行了数学论证。最后利用该方法在大鼠U迷宫实验中选取20组作为训练集进行分类测试，实验结果表明，利用该方法得到的分类准确率在97%左右。 关键词: 信息处理 / 多维spike train / 高阶多维泊松模型 / 贝叶斯原理 / 预测分类模型
Spike train
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A common way of studying the relationship between neural activity and behavior is through the analysis of neuronal spike trains that are recorded using one or more electrodes implanted in the brain. Each spike train typically contains spikes generated by multiple neurons. A natural question that arises is "what is the number of neurons $\nu$ generating the spike train?"; This article proposes a method-of-moments technique for estimating $\nu$. This technique estimates the noise nonparametrically using data from the silent region of the spike train and it applies to isolated spikes with a possibly small, but nonnegligible, presence of overlapping spikes. Conditions are established in which the resulting estimator for $\nu$ is shown to be strongly consistent. To gauge its finite sample performance, the technique is applied to simulated spike trains as well as to actual neuronal spike train data.
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Uncertainty is often in the level which is invisible and tangible but we can observe its actual existence,at the same time,it is the objective fact that is easy to ignore.For example,the research in the volleyball spike,we can make qualitative and quantitative analysis on the success and failure on the spike,but the general spike is one situation which is neither a success nor failure of the spike.But the successful spike the failed spike –these three targets themselves,are different aspects of the spike effect.How can we study and evaluate the total spike effect comprehensively? In order to solve this problem,we introduce the set theory analysis in this article.We analyze and search the volleyball tournament by using set theory,and we can do a lot of assumptions according to volleyball features so that we can study and evaluate comprehensively the effect of volleyball games.We can also make multi –angel analysis among each factor to see whether they are linked each other,mutually influenced and constrained,and whether they are transferred each other under certain conditions.
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This research aims at analysis of attack technique in sepaktakraw games. For this purpose, 3 high school coaches observed and recorded each game Five times in videos of high school male players` thirty games in 2003. The conclusion from the analysis of the recorded data are as follows. 1. Scissors spike was the most popular (favorite) attack technique. Rolling spike, tapping spike and heading spike was popular in order. 2. Heading spike showed the highest success rate (73.5%) in attack technique. And tapping spike (69.5%), scissors spike (57.8%) and rolling spike (67.11) showed a lower success rate in order. In failure rate, heading spike (5.5%), tapping spike (36.5%), scissors spike (32.2%) and rolling spike (32.9%) had a higher percentage in order. 3. When receive was stable, the success rate in attach technique was 47.1%, the failure rate was 20.1%. On the other hand, when receive was unstable, the success rate in attach technique was 16.5%, the failure rate was 14.3%.
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A digital spiking neuron is used to generate spike-trains of variable spike-intervals. Multiple co-existing periodic spike-trains are observed, depending on initial states. By focusing on a simple parameter case, we clarify the number of co-existing periodic spike-trains and determine their periods theoretically. Using a spike-interval modulation, the spike-train is coded by a digital sequence. We clarify that the set of co-existing periodic spike-trains is in a one-to-one relation to a set of binary numbers. We finally discuss to what extent these theoretical results may provide the mathematical basis for technological applications.
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The analysis of super high-yielding(9t/hm 2)varieties of winter wheat in Shandong Province revealed that the super high-yield of winter wheat was mainly attributed to significant increase of spike number The spike number played a principal role in yield of grains among big spike varieties, but particle number per spike did the same among multiple spike varieties In terms of breeding, selection of multiple spike character in big spike materials and big spike character in multiple spike materials of winter wheat should be paid more attention
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