Evaluation of Prevalence, Location and Pattern of Musculoskeletal Pain and Discomfort among Dancers
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Professional Dancers are contemplated as athletes as it is involving repetitive and rhythmic movement. These strenuous activities are the negative stressors and reason for overuse injuries leading to discomfort and pain. This pain and discomfort results in some major issues in the future and it can affect their professional performance or career. This study aimed to exploring the prevalence, common region involved and relation of course of pain in different regions of the body in dancers. A total of 110 dancers, both male and female, participated in this cross-sectional study using the Nordic MSD questionnaire tool. The mean and standard deviation for age (years), height (cm), weight (kg), BMI (kg/cm²), experience (years), and weekly practice hours were calculated as follows: for women, 21.87±4.47, 165.57±9.89, 60.98±17.85, 22.20±5.93, 8.05±5.47, and 8.98±6.93, and for men, 21.83±6.59, 173.73±7.34, 70.41±11.43, 23.23±3.24, 7.84±5.55, and 9.36±6.95. The result findings revealed, 30.8% participants had pain in the low back region that in last 7 days, followed by shoulder 27.3% and ankle 25.5%. In last 12 months 51% participants reported pain, discomfort and numbness in the lower back region followed by ankle/ foot and knee (31%). In response towards the restriction in the ADL, lower back pain cases (30%) were highest followed by knee (23.6%). The results also revealed that neck pain is strongly and positively associated with upper back pain(r=.601) and moderately related to shoulder pain (r=.467). The study concludes that the lower back region is more prevalent area for pain following the ankle and knee among dancers.Keywords:
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Seperti pada dewasa, teknik regional anestesi pada pediatrik kini makin popular digunakan oleh ahli anestesikarena keuntungannya. Namun demikian selalu ada risiko dan kemungkinan timbulnya komplikasi dari setiap tindakan yang dilakukan, termasuk tindakan anestesi regional pada pediatrik. Insidensi komplikasi anestesi regional pada pediatrik tidak banyak, dan kalaupun terjadi komplikasi adalah minor. Komplikasi bisa diakibatkan dari identifikasi ruang saraf, alat, obat, teknis tindakan anestesi regionalnya dan komplikasi lainnya.Walaupun tidak banyak kejadian komplikasi regional anestesi yang dilaporkan pada pediatrik, dan bukanlah komplikasi yang fatal, teknik regional anestesi pada pediatrik harus dilakukan dengan lebih hatihati, pertimbangan risiko dan keuntungannya untuk menghindari terjadinya komplikasi, terlebih karena kebanyakan komplikasi dapat dihindari dengan mempelajari teknik yang benar, menggunakan peralatan yang sesuai, dan sangat menerapkan prinsip keamanan pada pasien dengan baik.
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Genentech is partnering with the German cancer company Affimed to develop immunotherapies for multiple kinds of solid and blood cancers. Affimed is developing therapies that engage natural killer cells of the innate immune system to help direct them to attack cancer cells. Genentech will pay Affimed $96 million up front and up to $5 billion more in potential payments.
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As everyone knows, foot and ankle play a decisive role in human activities. In the recent ten years, management of lesions of foot and ankle has drawn increasing attention and interest of orthopedic scholars so that great progress has been made in this field, but there have still been many controversial issues. This review gives a brief introduction of the most up to date development and problems in the research of foot and ankle fractures, and also suggests some basic principles in treating such fractures.
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The responsiveness of the Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) was compared with foot/ankle-specific and generic outcome measures used to assess all surgery of the foot and ankle. We recruited 671 consecutive adult patients awaiting foot or ankle surgery, of whom 427 (63.6%) were female, with a mean age of 52.8 years (18 to 89). They independently completed the MOXFQ, Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and EuroQol (EQ-5D) questionnaires pre-operatively and at a mean of nine months (3.8 to 14.4) post-operatively. Foot/ankle surgeons assessed American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores corresponding to four foot/ankle regions. A transition item measured perceived changes in foot/ankle problems post-surgery. Of 628 eligible patients proceeding to surgery, 491 (78%) completed questionnaires and 262 (42%) received clinical assessments both pre- and post-operatively. The regions receiving surgery were: multiple/whole foot in eight (1.3%), ankle/hindfoot in 292 (46.5%), mid-foot in 21 (3.3%), hallux in 196 (31.2%), and lesser toes in 111 (17.7%). Foot/ankle-specific MOXFQ, AOFAS and EQ-5D domains produced larger effect sizes (> 0.8) than any SF-36 domains, suggesting superior responsiveness. In analyses that anchored change in scores and effect sizes to patients’ responses to a transition item about their foot/ankle problems, the MOXFQ performed well. The SF-36 and EQ-5D performed poorly. Similar analyses, conducted within foot-region based sub-groups of patients, found that the responsiveness of the MOXFQ was good compared with the AOFAS. This evidence supports the MOXFQ’s suitability for assessing all foot and ankle surgery.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
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to be moved, to be part of the
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working at an extremely high
musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
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