Prevalence and factors associated with olfactory impairment among patients with acne treated with oral isotretinoin: a cross-sectional study
Rogério Nabor KondoHélio Amante MiotElouise Zwirtes FrareEllen Cristine Duarte GarciaAbner Hiraku YamakamiMarco Aurélio Fornazieri
0
Citation
27
Reference
10
Related Paper
Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with olfactory dysfunction in individuals exposed to Isotretinoin (ISO) for the treatment of acne, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®).Keywords:
Hyposmia
Anosmia
Cross-sectional study
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis The study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of α‐lipoic acid in olfactory loss following infections of the upper respiratory tract. Possible mechanisms of actions include the release of nerve growth factor and antioxidative effects, both of which may be helpful in the regeneration of olfactory receptor neurons. Study Design Unblinded, prospective clinical trial. Methods A total of 23 patients participated (13 women, 10 men; mean age 57 y, age range 22–79 y; mean duration of olfactory loss, 14 mo; range, 4 to 33 mo); 19 of them were hyposmic and 4 had functional anosmia. Alpha‐lipoic acid was used orally at a dose of 600 mg/day; it was prescribed for an average period of 4.5 months. Olfactory function was assessed using olfactory tests for phenyl ethyl alcohol odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification. Results Seven patients (30%) showed no change in olfactory function. Two patients (9%) exhibited a moderate decrease in olfactory function; in contrast, six patients (26%) showed moderate and eight patients (35%) remarkable increase in olfactory function. Two of the 4 patients with functional anosmia reached hyposmia; 5 of 19 hyposmic patients became normosmic. Overall, this resulted in a significant improvement in olfactory function following treatment ( P = .002). At the end of treatment parosmias were less frequent (22%) than at the beginning of therapy (48%). Interestingly, recovery of olfactory function appeared to be more pronounced in younger patients than in patients above the age of 60 years ( P = .018). Conclusions The results indicate that α‐lipoic acid may be helpful in patients with olfactory loss after upper respiratory tract infection. However, to judge the true potential of this treatment, the outcome of double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies in large groups of patients must be awaited, especially when considering the relatively high rate of spontaneous recovery in olfactory loss after upper respiratory tract infection.
Anosmia
Hyposmia
Cite
Citations (139)
Abstract Loss of olfactory function is a typical acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom, at least in early variants of SARS-CoV2. The time that has elapsed since the emergence of COVID-19 now allows for assessing the long-term prognosis of its olfactory impact. Participants (n = 722) of whom n = 464 reported having had COVID-19 dating back with a mode of 174 days were approached in a museum as a relatively unbiased environment. Olfactory function was diagnosed by assessing odor threshold and odor identification performance. Subjects also rated their actual olfactory function on an 11-point numerical scale [0,…10]. Neither the frequency of olfactory diagnostic categories nor olfactory test scores showed any COVID-19-related effects. Olfactory diagnostic categories (anosmia, hyposmia, or normosmia) were similarly distributed among former patients and controls (0.86%, 18.97%, and 80.17% for former patients and 1.17%, 17.51%, and 81.32% for controls). Former COVID-19 patients, however, showed differences in their subjective perception of their own olfactory function. The impact of this effect was substantial enough that supervised machine learning algorithms detected past COVID-19 infections in new subjects, based on reduced self-awareness of olfactory performance and parosmia, while the diagnosed olfactory function did not contribute any relevant information in this context. Based on diagnosed olfactory function, results suggest a positive prognosis for COVID-19-related olfactory loss in the long term. Traces of former infection are found in self-perceptions of olfaction, highlighting the importance of investigating the long-term effects of COVID-19 using reliable and validated diagnostic measures in olfactory testing.
Hyposmia
Anosmia
Cite
Citations (0)
Approximately 5% of the general population suffers from anosmia, unrelated to chronic nasal problems. Olfactory dysfunction includes: (1) quantitative disorders—anosmia (inability to detect odors) and hyposmia (decreased olfactory function)—and (2) qualitative disorders—parosmia (altered odor perception) and phantosmia (smell of nonexistent odors). Olfactory dysfunction often presents as a loss of taste, reflecting the contribution of the retronasal route to the sense of taste.
Anosmia
Hyposmia
Cite
Citations (0)
BACKGROUND: The majority of Kallmann patients have anosmia or hyposmia. This is how the disease is diagnosed. Some of them don’t have such complaints but olfactory dysfunction is diagnosed via olfactometry. Nowadays there is the lack of information about correlation between olfactometry results and subjective complaints. Correlation between olfactory bulbs size and olfactory dysfunction has been little studied. AIM: To explore olfactory bulb size and olfactory function in patients with congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. To correlate olfactory bulb sizes and smell test scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Single-centre comparative study. 34 patients were included. The main group consisted of 19 patients with hypogonadotropic (15 –with Kallmann syndrome, 4 — with normosmic hypogonadism). Olfactory bulbs MRI were provided to all the patients, olfactory test (Sniffin’ Sticks Test) and molecular-genetic studies were provided in all patients with hypogonadism. Control group consisted of 15 patients who were provided with orbits MRI. Olfactory bulbs were evaluated additionally in them. RESULTS: Normal size of olfactory bulbs were only in 1 patient with hypogonadism. Olfactory bulbs height and width were significantly smaller in patients with hypogonadism in comparison with control group (p<0.01). Height median of right bulb was 1.0 mm [0.2; 1.8] in patients from the main group vs. 3.0 [2.5; 3.2] in controls, width median of right bulb was 1.0 mm [0.2; 1.9] in patients from the main group vs. 2.5 [2.0; 3.0] in controls. Height median of left bulb was 0.8 mm [0.0; 1.2] in patients from the main group vs. 3.0 [2.7; 3.2] in controls, width median of left bulb was 0.8 mm [0.0; 1.2] in patients from the main group vs. 2.5 [2.0; 3.0] in controls. Correlation has been established between left bulb height (r=0.59) and width (r=0.67) and olfactometry results (p<0.05). 4 patients had no anosmia complaints but had olfactory dysfunction according to Sniffin’ Sticks Tests. CONCLUSION: Olfactometry was able to diagnose olfactory dysfunction in 78.5% (i.e. in 15 out of 19 patients with congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. However, anosmia complaints had only 11 out of 19 patients. It is the first results of olfactory bulb sizes in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in Russia. Uni — or bilateral hypoor aplasia were diagnosed in 94.7% patients with hypogonadism regardless of olfactory dysfunction. Bilateral olfactory bulbs hypoplasia were the most common MRI-finding (36.8%). Unilateral hypoor aplasia was diagnosed in 31.6% patients.
Anosmia
Kallmann syndrome
Hyposmia
Cite
Citations (0)
Introduction Subjective chemosensory function can differ from measured function. Previous studies on olfactory assessment have found a positive correlation between subjective and measured scores. However, information on gustatory correlation between measured and subjective functions is sparse in patients who have undergone an initial ear, nose and throat (ENT) evaluation. Objectives To evaluate the correlation between subjective and measured olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in a population complaining of taste and/or smell dysfunction after an initial ENT evaluation without chemosensory testing. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the need for chemosensory testing depending on the type of subjective chemosensory dysfunction. Methods A case series in which subjective chemosensory function was assessed through a questionnaire and measured chemosensory function was assessed by validated clinical tests. Results In total, 602 patients with complaints of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction were included. We found that 50% of the patients with normal gustatory function and an olfactory impairment classified their olfactory impairment as a subjective taste disorder. Furthermore, 98% of the patients who rated their olfactory function as absent did have a measurable olfactory impairment, but only 64% were anosmic. Conclusion Subjective gustatory dysfunction was poorly correlated with measured gustatory dysfunction, and was often found to reflect olfactory dysfunction. Contrarily, subjective olfactory dysfunction was positively correlated with measurable olfactory dysfunction. Although subjective anosmia was a strong indicator of measured anosmia or hyposmia, the existence of remaining olfactory function was frequently found in these patients. Validated chemosensory testing should be performed in patients with perceived olfactory or gustatory deficits, as this could help ensure increased diagnostic precision and a relevant treatment.
Anosmia
Hyposmia
Throat
Cite
Citations (23)
A screening test of olfaction was developed with reusable diskettes as applicators of 8 different odorants. Using a questionnaire with illustrations, the test was designed as a triple forced multiple choice test resulting in a score of 0 to 8 correct answers. To validate the test, 102 volunteers with normal olfaction, as well as 22 patients with subjective hyposmia or anosmia, were tested. To compare the developed test with an already validated method, the same persons also performed the sniffin' sticks screening test. The results indicate that the screening test with smell diskettes recognizes patients with normal olfaction and consistently distinguishes them from patients with hyposmia or anosmia.
Hyposmia
Anosmia
Cite
Citations (88)
Objective: To investigate the reasons of olfaction disorders in children. Method:121 children with olfaction disorders were detected by olfaction test, nasal endoscope and CT.Result: Among the 121 cases,103 cases were hyposmia, 29 cases were anosmia, in which one side was hyposmia ,the other side was anosmia in 11 cases. There were 54 cases(43.0%) with chronic sinusitis, 29 cases(24.0%) with allergic rhinitis,14 cases(11.6%) with nasal polyps and chronic rhinitis,atrophic rhinitis,etc. Conclusion: Chronic sinusitis is the main reason of children olfaction disorders, besides it, allergic rhinitis should be considered.
Hyposmia
Anosmia
Nasal Polyps
Chronic sinusitis
Nose diseases
Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Cite
Citations (0)
AbstractQualitative and quantitative studies on the sense of taste and smell in diabetic patients did not reveal any changes in the sense of taste. The sense of smell was studied in 58 patients, and the results were compared with a normal series. Thirty-five (60%) showed a definitely impaired sense of smell, including 24 with severe impairment. Seven had anosmia. There was no correlation between the hyposmia and the patients' ages or between the hyposmia and the duration or severity of the diabetes. At present, the cause of the impaired sense of smell is unknown.
Hyposmia
Anosmia
Cite
Citations (66)
In the clinical diagnosis of olfactory function, 2 quantitative extremes of either lost or normal olfactory function are in the focus while no particular attention is directed at the interval between the 2 main diagnoses of "anosmia" or "normosmia", respectively. We analyzed the modal distribution of olfactory scores with the intention to describe a complex human olfactory pathology in a unifying model. In a cross-sectional retrospective study, olfactory performance scores acquired from 10714 individuals by means of a clinically established psychophysical test were analyzed with respect to their modal distribution by fitting a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to the data. The probability distribution of all olfactory scores was found to be multimodal. It could be described as a mixture of 6 Gaussian distributions at a high statistical significance level of P < 10 –5 . Moreover, 9 different pathologies associated with the olfactory dysfunction could be shown to be reflected in 1–3 distinct Gaussians. This provides the possibility to assign distinct degrees of olfactory acuity with each etiology. Results indicate that human olfactory pathology is composed of clearly distinct subpathologies that can be connected with underlying subetiologies. We present a unifying data science-based model that satisfies the human olfactory pathology observed in 10714 subjects. The analysis of the distribution of their olfactory performance scores suggests a complex but very distinct human olfactory pathology. This implies a distinction of the olfactory diagnosis of hyposmia from those of anosmia or normosmia.
Anosmia
Hyposmia
Cite
Citations (4)
Objective To analyze the correlation between olfactory bulb(OB) volume and olfactory function in post-infectious(upper respiratory tract infection) patients with olfactory dysfunction.Methods Totally 25 post-infectious patients with olfactory dysfunction(case group) were recruited in this study,among which 14 manifested as anosmia and 11 manifested as hyposmia.And 25 matched healthy volunteers were recruited as control group.Sniffin' Sticks olfactory function test and 3D MRI were performed in all subjects.In the case group,11 patients were examined by olfactory function test and 3D MRI after 2—6 months.Results Compared with control group,bilateral OB volume significantly decreased in the case group(all P0.05).The OB volume of anosmia patients was smaller than that of hyposmia patients(P0.05).Of 11 followed-up patients,4 showed increased OB volume and olfactory function,and the other 7 showed no significant changes of OB volume and olfactory function.Conclusion The OB volume is correlated with olfactory function.The reduced OB volume may reflect the degree of the dysosmia in patients with upper respiratory tract infection.
Hyposmia
Anosmia
Respiratory tract
Cite
Citations (0)