The effect of individual visual sensitivity on time perception
A. RužičkováLenka JurkovičováJulie PáleníkKeith A. HutchisonJiří ChmelíkKristína MitterováVojtěch Juřík
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The human mind, trying to perceive events coherently, creates the illusion of continuous time passage. Empirical evidence suggests distortions in subjectively perceived time flow associated with well-studied neural responses to sensory stimuli. This study aimed to investigate whether visually uncomfortable patterns, causing exceptionally strong brain activation, affect short time estimates and whether these estimates vary based on the overall reported sensory sensitivity and cortical excitability of individuals. Two experiments in virtual reality testing our assumptions at different levels of complexity of timed stimuli provided initial insight into the studied processes in highly controlled and realistic conditions. Data analysis results did not support our hypotheses, but showed that subjectively most visually uncomfortable simple patterns, i.e., achromatic gratings, cause more variable temporal judgments. Supposedly, this inaccuracy depends on the currently perceived visual comfort and thus the current visual system sensitivity, which cannot be satisfactorily derived from trait-based measures. The exploration of the effect of complex stimuli, i.e., virtual exteriors, suggested that their visual comfort does not affect time perception at all. Biological sex was an important variable across experiments, as males experienced temporal compression of stimuli compared to females. Neuroimaging research is needed for a deeper investigation of the origin of these results. Protocol registration: The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this Registered Report was in-principle accepted on 4 March 2024 prior to data collection for hypothesis testing. The accepted version of the manuscript can be found in the publicly available OSF repository at https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/K3YZE .Aim of the study is to examine the values of the three dimensional perception and collect information about that. Starting point is the observation of differences in two and three dimensional perception abilities of individuals having education in visual arts. It has been observed that some students, who have high level of competency in two dimensional perception, do not have the same competency in three dimensional perception. This is considered important since it creates two and three dimensional perceptions and differences of expression between them. We tried to emphasize the importance of the subject particularly in terms of visual arts education in the current visual age. The study is a document review. In this study we addressed the characteristics of the age we are living in, perception, visual perception, and two and three dimensional perception. We summarized the differences in visual perception and included three dimensional comprehension. By examining the related literature, we came to the conclusion that the two and three dimensional perception processes and their requirements are different. Keywords: sculpture, three dimensional perceptions, visual perception, visual age.
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