A Multipath Satellite Routing to Enhance Networking Performance for LEO Constellations
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Keywords:
Satellite constellation
Multipath routing
Satellite broadcasting
Communications satellite
With the integration progress of space- and ground-based Internet, the demand for large-scale satellite networks is increasing. However, the efforts on constellation design for large-scale satellite networks are rarely observed. Based on the single satellite coverage model and multiple coverage theory of circular orbit constellation, this paper proposes a large-scale satellite constellation design method to meet the requirements of multi-coverage. Finally, the influence of constellation parameters on coverage performance is simulated and analyzed, and the correctness of constellation parameters is verified by simulation.
Satellite constellation
Communications satellite
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The paper defines the concept of the structure self-stabilization for satellite constellation,and analyzes the configuration stability of satellite constellation influenced by the main perturbations.Then the method is designed to realize the structure self-stabilization for satellite constellation through changing the deviations of the semi-axis and the inclination.Finally the design of the structure self-stabilization for an example constellation has carried,and the design results indicate that the design of the structure self-stabilization for satellite constellation has enhanced the configuration stability for satellite constellation.
Satellite constellation
Self-stabilization
Communications satellite
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The low earth orbit satellite constellation is used for the discussed object in this paper. Regarding coverage performance as an important consideration, it states the general idea and method of the optimal design with the requirement of partial coverage for small satellite constellation in details. Based on the analysis of the key factors effect on the constellation performance, the optimal model is given by choosing the appropriate parameters with some constraints. For the design of different satellite planes, the potential and characteristic of constellation optimization are stated through the comparison between two orbit surface and three orbit surface constellation with some a specific task. Whereafter simulation and analysis is done. The result shows that the optimal model provided herein is of theoretical meaning and practical application.
Satellite constellation
Orbit (dynamics)
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With the development of microsatellite technology and the growth of ground reconnaissance demand, the rapid design of a LEO constellation with minimum satellite number, low revisit time (within 10 minutes), and permanent inter-satellite links has become a hotspot and difficulty in constellation design. Aiming at the problem to use the minimum satellite number to achieve low revisit time coverage, a LEO (low earth orbit) Walker-chain constellation and its design method is proposed. The difference between the chain constellation and the classical Walker constellation is that it has one or more closed chain configurations. According to the coverage requirements and sensor field of view angle, the analytical design method is derived. A LEO chain constellation containing 132 satellites is designed for the ground reconnaissance mission. Comparing with the classical Walker-δ constellation and repeat ground track constellation, the chain constellation has fewer satellites, lower revisit time and the permanent inter-satellite links.
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In order to improve service performance of navigation constellation,many experts consider the mixed constellation configuration of GEO satellite,IGSO satellite and MEO satellite.In the design of the new constellation configuration or the research of the existing constellation performance,the inter-satellite link(ISL) is needed to established,and the connectivity and robustness of the ISL are needed to analyze.The characteristics of the mixed constellation configuration are analyzed,and the characteristics of ISL establishment and the service performance of GEO satellite,IGSO satellite and Walker-δ constellation are discussed firstly.Then,the method to determine ISL connectivity in the mixed constellation by the adjacency matrix is put forward,and the standards of the ISL robustness are given using the number of ways between any two satellites,cutting point,cutting edge,k-connectivity degree and k-edge connectivity degree of graph theory.The minimum required number of ISLs of a k-connectivity′s constellation and the construction method of k-connectivity′s constellation are given for the first time.Finally,the 3GEO+3IGSO+24MEO constellation configuration is simulated.The criteria for ISL establishment,the connectivity and robustness of this mixed constellation configuration are studied,and many important conclusions are obtained.
Satellite constellation
Robustness
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This paper mainly discusses how to design a regional constellation by MEO satellites. Firstly, it addresses that the LEO satellite constellation is not good enough for designing partial coverage satellite system. Then the method of designing regional constellations with an MEO satellite chain is introduced, including how to compute and optimize constellation parameter. Two regional constellations are given with their coverage capability. At last, partial coverage constellation is compared with Rosette constellation. The regional constellations are suitable to China.
Satellite constellation
Communications satellite
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This study presents the design of a lunar navigation satellite constellation to provide global Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services, beginning with coverage at the lunar South Pole and gradually expanding to the entire Moon. Building upon an initial Phase 1 constellation that ensures reliable PNT at the South Pole, Phase 2 extends this coverage globally, addressing the challenges of providing continuous navigation services across the lunar surface. The proposed Hybrid Frozen Constellation combines Elliptical Lunar Frozen Orbits (ELFOs) and Circular Frozen Orbits to offer a cost-effective and efficient solution, leveraging the stable South Pole-oriented orbits while minimizing the number of satellites required. The study explores various satellite configurations to achieve best Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) across the entire lunar surface. By carefully analyzing the geometry and phasing of the orbits, the design aims to maximize navigation performance while reducing the satellite volume. Simulation results confirm that the full constellation achieves over 98% PDOP availability, ensuring PDOP values remain below 6, meeting the GPS standards for reliable navigation. This performance guarantees accurate positioning, even in challenging regions of the lunar surface, and supports both robotic and crewed exploration missions.
Satellite constellation
Satellite broadcasting
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For the regional coverage satellite constellation design optimization under the condition of multi-constrains, an optimization model with the orbital semi-major axis minimization and the percentage of coverage time maximization is built. Basic constellation models such as Walker and Flower are used to reduce the search space dimensions and NSGA-II is applied to solve the educed bi-objective optimization model. Moreover, 4+2N constellation model is proposed and compared with Walker and Flower models in terms of optimization performance by interconnecting Matlab and STK. Finally, some conclusions about how to choose the constellation models for regional constellation design are given.
Satellite constellation
Maximization
Minification
Communications satellite
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Constellation configuration design is a prerequisite and critical step in the construction of a mega-constellation system in low Earth orbit. However, the huge number of satellites and the intricate changes in relative positions among them make the configuration design the most challenging part. In this paper, we propose a configuration design scheme for mega-constellations considering collision-avoidance constraints with the objective of uniform global coverage. In this design scheme, the constellation is made up of multiple Walker constellations with the same orbital altitude and different orbital inclination. Moreover, the analytical expression for the minimum distance between any two satellites in the same orbital altitude is derived, and the constellation internal collision-avoidance constraint is established accordingly. Finally, a permanent inter-satellite link design scheme without dynamic reconstruction is presented based on the mega-constellation configuration. Simulation results show that the mega-constellation design scheme introduced in this paper can achieve relatively uniform global coverage (its N Asset Coverage ranges from 18 to 25). The mixed Walker constellation is capable of providing a greater number of N Asset Coverage for most of the world than the Walker constellation of the same satellite order of magnitude. In addition, the inter-satellite link scheme designed in this paper can ensure continuous and stable communication between any satellite nodes.
Satellite constellation
Circular orbit
Medium Earth orbit
Orbit (dynamics)
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A constellation configuration performance evaluation method is proposed for the performance evaluation of the low-orbit large-scale communication satellite constellations. The practicality and feasibility analysis of the constellation configuration is mainly studied from the constellation coverage performance. Based on the consideration of the coverage performance of the LEO satellite constellation, four simulation models are established for the single coverage rate, observation elevation angle, number of visible satellites under different observation elevation angles, and coverage efficiency of the constellation. A population distribution density function is established according to the characteristics of population distribution to find the average minimum observation elevation angle and the average number of visible satellites under the population distribution. The evaluation method is applied to three typical low-orbit large-scale communication satellite constellations, Telesat, OneWeb, and Starlink, to derive the coverage performance index values of each constellation and to compare and analyze the characteristics of the three constellations. The results show that the evaluation method can evaluate the configuration performance of different types of LEO large-scale constellations and provide a basis and reference for the optimal design and evaluation of future LEO large-scale constellation configurations.
Satellite constellation
Elevation (ballistics)
Orbit (dynamics)
Communications satellite
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