CO2 fertilization effect on rice growth is constrained by soil heavy metal contamination
Dongming WangFang‐Jie ZhaoXiong YangChuan ChenChangfeng DingMin ShenYe TaoJishuang ZhangChuang CaiRen Fang ShenLian SongChuanqi MaChunwu Zhu
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In order to study the mechanism of skin contamination, the experiment was carried out by a fresh pig skin. The pig skin was contaminated with carrier free 90Sr-90Y or 32P and after a certain time elapsed, it was sliced off about 0.5mm in thickness. The adhered contamination of outer skin (abbr.; the adhered contamination) or the permeated contamination of inner skin (abbr.; the permeated contamination) in each sliced sample was measured by low back ground G-M counter. The result obtained showed that in regard to 90Sr-90Y and 32P, the adhered contamination changed extraordinarily within 60 min after contamination and then it incresed gradually with an increase of contaminating time and that particularly in the case of 90Sr-90Y, pH of contaminating solution affected much the adhered contamination. Furthermore, 90Y showed a selective adhesion at the broad pH region, that is, from a weak acidity to an alkalinity. On the other hand, the result obtained showed that in regard to 90Sr-90Y and 32P, the permeated contamination increased with an increase of contaminating time and that 32P permeated quickly more into the inside of skin than that of 90Sr-90Y. 90Y contributed greatly to the permeated contamination as well as to the adhered contamination, if pH of 90Sr-90Y solution is over 4.5.
Pig skin
Alkalinity
radioactive contamination
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The optical contamination control systems of Skylab are reviewed, covering contamination sources, critical elements, flight hardware configuration, contamination monitoring sensors, mathematical contamination prediction models, contamination cloud and deposition models, and hardware implementation. Also considered are supportive contamination tests, contamination mission support activities, Skylab contamination evaluation, contamination measurement experiments, and the effectiveness of contamination control measures. Sources of contamination are identified, Skylab system susceptibility to contamination is determined, and predictions are made for surface contamination deposition and background brightness levels. Mission evaluation results indicate that, barring anomalous conditions, Skylab mission equipment and activities are adequate to reduce the general contamination level to the sensitivity threshold levels for experiments and affected subsystems.
Contamination control
radioactive contamination
Air contamination
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In order to learn the influence of natural contamination component on contamination evaluation and contamination flashover voltage,the study status of natural contamination component on insulators surface was researched.The component,classification and measurement methods of natural contamination were summed up.Sources of main natural contamination component,relationships between contamination evaluation and natural contamination component,and between contamination flashover voltage and natural contamination component were studied.It was found out that main domestic natural contamination component came from the soot type air pollution;contamination evaluation with equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD) was insufficient.The relationship between contamination flashover voltage and insolubility contamination granularity was found out.Finally,some advises about studying natural contamination component are given out.It is necessary to focus on studying the influence of organic contamination and establish a new contamination evaluation system.
Arc flash
Component (thermodynamics)
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During 2016, following the implementation of a dioxin contamination monitoring in poultry meat (ducks) in a slaughterhouse, a positive sample was found. The investigation identified the wood shavings used as bedding material in the duck farm as the possible source of contamination of these animals. In this episode, contamination profiles of higher and lower concentrations, seem to be very similar, being OCDD, OCDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD responsible for 74.4% of the total contamination of those animals. The study revealed a reduction of poultry contamination after the removal of the source of contamination, with an average daily depletion percentage level ranging between 1.43% and 4.35%.
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Surface contamination of GaAs due to resist film stripper “J–100” during the photo-etching process is investigated. It is found that the electron concentration near the surface decreases due to the heat treatment after soaking in J–100. The depth of contamination sometimes reaches about 100 µm. Contamination also occurs due to some organic solvents, although the degree of contamination is smaller than that due to J–100. Such contamination can be removed by etching the contaminated surface of GaAs lightly or soaking contaminated samples in a dilute solution of KCN before the heat treatment. Furthermore, the temperature and time dependence of the depth of the contamination are similar to those of the samples soaked in a dilute solution of CuSO 4 . It is concluded that contamination originates from Cu atoms contained in these solvents.
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Experiments were conducted on different fertilization in Castanea mollissima stands in Tonglu, Zhejiang province, with four treatments, including no fertilization, reducing fertilization, conventional fertilization and increment fertilization. The result showed that the biomass of soil microorganisms in the chestnut forest increased with fertilization within certain quantity. The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were expressed as conventional fertilization increment fertilization reducing fertilization no fertilization. The soil enzyme activity was significantly increased by fertilization, and the activities of sucrase, urease, phosphatase were expressed as increment fertilization conventional fertilization reducing fertilization no fertilization. Different treated stands had no significant effect on single fruit weight. The average single fruit weight ranges from 8.50-8.85g. With the increase of fertilizer quantity, yield of chestnut significantly increased, however, excessive fertilization had negative effect on the yield. The yield of different treated stands ranged from 693.0-1273.5kg/ha.
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The investigation of the mechanism of skin contamination was carried out by a living rabbit skin in the same manner as that of pig skin†. The rabbit skin was contaminated with carrier free 90Sr-90Y or 32P. Consequently, the adhered contamination of epidermis (abbr.; the adhered contamination) or the permeated contamination of dermal (abbr.; the permeated contamination) was obtained in the like result as that of pig skin. In regard to 90Sr-90Y and 32P, the adhered contamination increased steeply within 30 min after contamination and then it increased gradually with an increase of contaminating time. Result obtained also showed that according to pH, 90Sr-90Y indicated the large difference but 32P almost all did not indicate such difference in the adhered contamination. On the other hand, the definite permeated contamination was obtained at the long time contamination without the case of acidic 32P, although there was no regularity in the tendency to the permeated contamination. Particularly, 90Y contributed considerably to the adhered contamination and the permeated contamination, if the contaminating solution of 90Sr-90Y is alkaline. Furthermore, the result obtained recommends an early decontamination-within 30 min after contamination-is of great advantage to a decontamination of human skin.
Human decontamination
radioactive contamination
Pig skin
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The effects of different fertilization modes and levels on the growth and production of maize are studied.On the fertilization ratio(N∶P=1∶1) the 1000-grain weight increases on all levels of fertilization compared with the non-fertilization and increases to the maximum on the middle fertilization level,while it decreases on both the low fertilization and high fertilization levels;while on the fertilization ratio(N∶P=0.5∶1) the production increases with higher fertilization levels and the 1000-grain weight gets to the maximum on the low fertilization level.The diameter,shoot height and number of the leaves increase in the similar pattern on different fertilization modes.The fertilization has significant effects on them compared with the non-fertilization.The three indicators have little changes on the middle and higher levels.The two different fertilization modes have significant difference in the low fertilization level.It can be concluded that in low ratio of N and P the production increases with the fertilization level and the N is the limitting factor.While in the high ratio of N and P the production increases at first and decreases,the P becomes the limiting factor.To get high production the fertilization levels should be on the middle level on two different fertilization modes from the economic prospect.The study is to provide theoretical guidance for the proper fertilization of the maize in Three Gorges Region.
Three gorges
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Objective:To discuss the reasons refering to IVF fertilization failure or low fertilization rate.Methods: The data of the patients refering to IVF fertilization failure or low fertilization rate during July 2009 and June 2011 were analyzed.A contrast group of the randomly selective patients who had a good fertilization rate during the same period was established.The differences between the two above groups were compared.Results: The number of patients refering to fertilization failure or low fertilization rate was 47 in a total of 1308 cases.The incidence rate was 3.6%.Ovum mature rate and normal sperm rate were statistically different between the fertilization failure or low fertilization rate group and the control one.Conclusions: The main factors leading to IVF failure or low fertilization rate were ovum mature rate and normal sperm rate.
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