Fluorinated Polymers for Photonics—From Optical Waveguides to Polymer-Clad Glass Optical Fibers
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In this paper, our work in the field of fluorinated UV-curable polymers is reviewed. These polymers possessing tunable low refractive indices and low optical propagation losses for telecommunication wavelengths are intended to be used as core and cladding materials for the fabrication of passive channel waveguides in optical microchips on the polymer platform. This application requires low thermo-optic coefficients. With this goal, we used a combination of fluorinated polymers with low-refractive index inorganic nanoparticles of SiO2 and MgF2. Another application requiring extremely low refractive indices is polymer cladding for optical glass fibers. UV-curable fluorinated monomers/oligomers were used.Optically recorded Fresnel zone plates have proper spatial frequency characteristics for use as a laser scanner. Such grating scanners can easily be made and can scan over large cone angles with, however, severe aberrations of the diffracted laser beam at large deflection angles. Optically recorded Fresnel zone plates for laser beam scanning are investigated, and their aberration properties are analyzed. A method for removing the wavefront error caused by this type of zone plate is discussed, and the feasibility of the method is demonstrated.
Zone plate
Fresnel zone
Laser Scanning
Fresnel number
Diffraction efficiency
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Integrated photonics via Si CMOS technology has been a strategic area since electronics and photonics convergence should be the next platform for information technology. The platform is recently referred to as “Si photonics” that attracts much interest of researchers in industries as well as academia in the world. The main goal of Si Photonics is currently to reduce material diversity of photonic devices to pursuing CMOS‐compatibility. In contrast, the present paper proposes another route of Si Photonics, reducing diversity of photonic devices. The proposed device unifying functionality of photonics is a microresonator with a pin diode structure that enables the Purcell effect and Franz‐Keldysh effect to emit and to modulate light from SiGe alloys.
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The paper is devoted to an education of Photonics at the Dept. of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, at the University of Zilina. Originated from the university historical development the photonic subjects are implemented in two basic areas: Telecommunication Technology and Radiocommunication Technology. From the school year 1994/95 the new subject Photonics has been taught and it has attracted numerous students. The subject is focused on both physical principles and system application. The relevant parts can be listed as: interaction photon - matter, photonic receivers and transmitters, modulation and demodulation in Photonics, photonic networks - narrowband and wideband, photonic switches, image sensors and displays. The education of Photonics has been supported by research activities in the field of applied photonic system for signal (data) transmission and selected results have been implemented into the subject structure. The paper listed a detailed content of the subject in two fields: lectures and experimental laboratory exercises. As an integral part of the course we plan to implement selected experiments from the area of 2D photonic (image) processing and to expand the imaging photonic part.
Narrowband
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Introduction structure of the spectral collection the decimal classification spectra hydrocarbons CHal polymers CHHal polymers CHN polymers CHO polymers CHS polymers CHaIX polymers CNO polymers CNS polymers CHHall-lal polymers CHHaIN polymers CHHaIO polymers CHHaIS polymers CHNO polymers CHNS polymers CHOS polymers CHaINO polymers CHaINS polymers CHHalHal'O polymers CHHalNO polymers CHHaIOS polymers CHNOS polymers polymers made up of 6 and more elements deuterated polymers boron compounds silicon compounds germanium compounds phosphorus compounds polymers with boron and Si, Ge or P polymers with Si and Ge or P polymers with a heteroelement (B,Si, Ge,P) and a metal organometallic polymers.
Polymer architecture
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Abstract Without doubt, photonics is one of the key industries of the future for the German economy. This is despite the fact that the importance of photonics is not widely acknowledged by the general public. Irrespective of this, photonics products can be found in nearly all spheres of life and the photonics industry remains highly innovative, experiences above average growth rates and employs more than 110,000 people. The photonics industry lacks public recognition because its technologies are spread across a wide spectrum of discrete industries. Whether it is a tiny component or more complex machinery, photonic technologies are traditionally apportioned to the corresponding areas of application. Without photonics, however, there would be no semiconductor production, no solar energy harvesting, no digital cameras and no flat screen TVs.
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In a previous paper by Cebrian et al. [Opt. Eng.53, 092006 (2014)OPEGAR0091-328610.1117/1.OE.53.9.092006], the knife-edge interferometer (KEI) was used for testing lenses with a collimated beam illuminating the lens. In this paper, a 2f scheme is used to test lenses, eliminating the use of a collimation beam, and testing, for the first time, concave reflecting (spherical and parabolic) surfaces at the center of curvature with KEI.
Collimated light
Parabolic reflector
Curved mirror
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This brief review has concentrated on recent research to which the author has been directly connected. It ranges over several domains under the general heading of micro-/nano-photonics and these domains may be labelled as metamaterials, photonic (quasi-)crystals and photonic wire structures. Several different metals are featured, while the words 'silicon photonics' are appropriate for much but not all of what has been covered. Applications in areas that include high-performance LEDs, silicon photonic ICs and bio-sensing could all benefit from the results of this research.
Photonic metamaterial
Nanophotonics
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The LiPhos project (EU FP7 Grant Agreement No.: 317916, www.liphos.eu) aims to develop three different biophotonic diagnosis tools (BDTs), based on living photonics, namely: single layer living photonics (SLLP), single cell analysis (SCA); and multi-layer living photonics (MLLP). By Measuring of what we term the Photonic Fingerprint (or PIN), of the cells in such BDTs, should make it is possible to differentiate between healthy and non-healthy cell or tissue states. Moreover, the effect of specific drugs and pro-inflammatory agents could be assessed. This concept is currently being applied to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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Arrangement of Spectra The Decimal Classification System Spectra Hydrocarbons CHal Polymers CHHal Polymers CHN Polymers CHO Polymers CHS Polymers (x?'/CNO Polymers CNS Polymers CHHalHal' Polymers CHHalN Polymers CHHalO Polymers CHHalS Polymers CHNO Polymers CHNS Polymers CHOS Polymer CHalNO Polymers CHalNS Polymers CHHallial'O Polymers CHHalNO Polymers CHHalOS Polymers CHNOS Polymers Polymers Made Up of 6 Elements Deuterated Polymers Boron Compounds Silicon Compounds Germanium Compounds Phosphorus Compounds Polymers with Boron and Si. Ge or P Polymers with Si and Ge or P Polymers with a Heteroelement (B, Si, Ge, P) and a Metal Organometallic Polymer Spectral Appendix Index Alphabetic Index of Compounds and Spectra of Monomeric Units in Polymers and Copolymers Formula Index of Monomeric Units in Polymers and Copolymers Author Index.
Polymer architecture
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Abstract Epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) photonics is the study of light–matter interactions in the presence of structures with near‐zero permittivity and has been emerging as an important field of research in recent years. The introduction of zero permittivity structures also introduces a number of unique features to traditional photonic systems, including decoupling of their spatial and temporal field variations, tunneling through arbitrary channels, constant phase transmission, strong field confinement, and ultrafast phase transitions. Along with the continued developments in the theoretical research on ENZ photonics, many novel functional photonic devices are proposed and demonstrated experimentally, thus indicating the broad prospects of ENZ photonics for fabrication of high‐performance integrated photonic chips. Zero‐epsilon materials, which represent a singular point in optical materials, are expected to lead to remarkable developments in the fields of integrated photonic devices and optical interconnections. This review summarizes the underlying principles, the related novel physical effects, the fundamental principles for realization of ENZ photonic systems, and the integrated device applications of ENZ photonics. The review concludes with a brief overview of the challenges to be confronted and the potential development directions that may be pursued to realize extensive applications of ENZ photonics in the field of integrated photonic signal processing.
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