Free Triiodothyronine Concentrations and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Unveiling the Correlation and Implications
0
Citation
29
Reference
10
Related Paper
Abstract:
Thyroid disease and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are frequent complications during pregnancy. We observed the relationship between thyroid indicators and blood glucose to analyze whether thyroid function is associated with the development of GDM. We enrolled a total of 575 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and 573 pregnant women without GDM. The correlation between thyroid indicators and blood glucose levels was established through correlation analysis. In addition, stratified analysis and restricted cubic spline curves were employed to describe the association between thyroid indicators and the incidence of GDM. We found no significant difference in urine iodine levels between the GDM and non-GDM groups throughout the second trimester. The levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and both fasting blood glucose and post-load blood glucose showed a robust positive connection. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4), on the other hand, showed a weakly positive connection with these glucose values. A nonlinear correlation between FT3 and the risk of GDM was also found (pNonlinear=0.0007, p<0.0001). Particularly, those in the top quartile of FT3 had a 6.99-fold greater risk than those in the lowest. Notably, FT3 levels below 4.04 pmol/l were linked to a decreased chance of developing GDM, but levels over 4.04 pmol/l were linked to a greater risk. Our study successfully established the correlation between thyroid indicators and the risk of GDM. Notably, we discovered a non-linear association between FT3 levels and GDM. The study suggests that ensuring optimal thyroid function during pregnancy may decrease the likelihood of developing GDM.Keywords:
Free thyroxine
Free thyroxine
Cite
Citations (0)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone is generally regarded as a standard parameter for the evaluation of thyroid function. However, relying on this hormone alone can be misleading. Therefore, thyroxine/free-thyroxine levels are used in patients with levothyroxine substitution for the adjustment of therapy. Even with normal values for free thyroxine, decreased values for the free-triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio have already been described in adults. In this study, the free-triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio of 25 children with congenital hypothyroidism was compared with 470 healthy children seen for other reasons and then for thyroid dysfunction. Mean free thyroxine in congenital hypothyroidism was just below the upper limit of normal and significantly higher than in control group. Mean values for free triiodothyronine showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mean value for the free triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio in control group was 3.23. Significantly lower ratios were found in the congenital hypothyroidism group with a mean value of 2.5, due to higher values for free thyroxine compared to free triiodothyronine. Furthermore, an increased free triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio was found at higher thyroid-stimulating hormone values due to lower values for free thyroxine. In this study, we demonstrate that the free triiodothyronine/free-thyroxine ratio was significantly lower in children with congenital hypothyroidism compared to the control group. This is most likely due to the higher values for free thyroxine in this group compared to similar values for free triiodothyronine in both groups. Further studies with differentiated thyroid hormone therapy are needed in order to understand the role of peripheral euthyroidism.
Free thyroxine
Levothyroxine
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Cite
Citations (3)
Free thyroxine
Thyroxine-binding proteins
Cite
Citations (1)
Total and free serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were measured in 122 subjects with hypothyroidism who were clinically well while receiving conventional replacement treatment with thyroxine. In a third of patients concentrations of total and free thyroxine were raised, often considerably; nevertheless concentrations of total and free triiodothyronine were usually normal. Though significant correlations were obtained between total triiodothyronine concentrations and total thyroxine concentrations (p less than 0.001) and between the triiodothyronine concentrations and free thyroxine concentrations (p less than 0.001) the slope of the line of the regression equation describing these correlations was small, hence large increases in both total and free thyroxine concentrations were accompanied by only modest increases in total and free triiodothyronine concentrations. The presence of total or free thyroxine concentrations above normal in patients taking thyroxine therefore are not necessarily of clinical consequence. In the assessment of adequacy of replacement treatment with thyroxine the most logical combination of in vitro thyroid function test results may be a normal thyrotrophin concentration and normal free triiodothyronine concentration.
Free thyroxine
Reverse triiodothyronine
Cite
Citations (107)
Free thyroxine
Reverse triiodothyronine
Cite
Citations (0)
Free thyroxine
Cite
Citations (0)
Free thyroxine
Cite
Citations (48)
Free thyroxine
Turnover
Reverse triiodothyronine
Free fraction
Serum concentration
Cite
Citations (1)
Free thyroxine
Cite
Citations (15)
ABSTRACT Background: Treatment of primary hypothyroidism with levothyroxine does not fully alleviate its symptoms. Though there have studies to correlate levels of tri-iodothyronine with symptomatology, its role still remains controversial. Aims: To study symptoms of hypothyroidism before and after levo-thyroxine therapy using ThyPRO 39 scores and to correlate these with thyroid hormone levels. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the in and outpatients’ departments of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology of St John’s Medical College Hospital. Patients were enrolled if they were aged over 18 years and were diagnosed with hypothyroidism (TSH>/= 10 IU/l). Pregnant ladies and patients who had undergone radioiodine therapy or were diagnosed with thyroid cancers were excluded. Results: A total of 46 (F=28) patients were enrolled into the study. The mean age of the study group was 41.63 +/-SD 12.078 years.Among hypothyroid symptoms at diagnosis, Tiredness and Emotional Susceptibility had the highest effect size. Tiredness, Cognitive complaints and Depressive symptoms had significant negative correlation with fT3.While Goitre, Tiredness, and Cognitive complaints showed significant association with TSH, no correlations were noted with fT4 and many scores. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between fT3 and post therapy domain scores of Goitre, Tiredness, Impaired Daily Life and Impaired Social Life. There was a significant difference in the QoL domain between those with and without co-morbidities, the latter group having lower scores signifying better QoL. Conclusion: Symptoms of hypothyroidism may have a correlation with fT3 levels. Larger well-designed studies with supplementation of T3(triiodothyronine) and correlation with symptoms and tissue levels of fT3 will give conclusive answers.
Free thyroxine
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Cite
Citations (0)