Metazoan diversity in Chilean hypersaline lakes unveiled by environmental DNA
Mattia SaccòMatthew A. CampbellPablo AguilarGonzalo SalazarTina E. BerryMatthew J. HeydenrychAngus LawrieNicole E. WhiteChris HarrodMorten E. Allentoft
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Abstract:
Saline and hypersaline wetlands are biodiversity hotspots for metazoans such as aquatic invertebrates and wading birds. However, the survival of these habitats and their biota is increasingly threatened by a combination of pressures from climate change and extractive processes. With the goal of improving conservation efforts in hypersaline ecosystems, this study tests the use of eDNA methods for metazoan biomonitoring. We employed a multi-assay approach utilizing three genetic markers—12S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and COI —to analyze biodiversity in sediment and water. Samples were collected from three hypersaline lakes in Northern Chile: Salar de Atacama (Laguna Puilar), Salar de Pujsa, and Salar de Tara. eDNA outputs were also compared with results generated from aquatic macroinvertebrate assessments using kick-nets. Our eDNA analyses revealed a total of 21 and 22 taxa across the three hypersaline lakes in sediment and water, respectively. The highest diversity was found in Salar de Tara (15 taxa within sediment and 13 taxa from water). Our multi-assay design detected a range of resident hypersaline taxa with different conservation status, spanning from rotifers to endangered snails, to amphipods and flamingos. Macroinvertebrate data via kick-net surveys further validated Salar de Tara as the most biodiverse system. Compared to net-based assessments, eDNA analysis allowed more refined taxonomic assignments for copepods and ostracods, while certain taxa such as Ephydridae or Hirudinea were not detected through molecular tests. Overall, this study provides evidence that eDNA is an effective tool to elucidate fine scale taxa assemblages and can refine conservation efforts in hypersaline lakes.Keywords:
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Abstract : A major environmental concern facing U.S. Army installation land managers and planners is the presence or potential presence of one or more endangered species. This report supplies two lists: one identifies endangered species by installation, and the other identifies the installations by endangered species. The use of these two lists will help the Army major commands and installations organize environmental surveys and communicate to solve endangered species management problems before possible mission impairment.
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In this paper,the endangered causes of endangered plants in China were described,and the protection measures of endangered plants in China were put forward as follows: constructing laws and regulations,in situ conservation,ex situ conservation and rational utilization.
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16 families,49 genera,87 species of rare and endangered plants in Shegyla Mountains were investigated in this paper.The coefficient of endangerment and the value of superior were obtained through index quantification and weight allocation,thus the endangered levels and conservation priority classes were determined.The result showed that:(1)Of the 87 species studied,there were 1 critically endangered species,13 endangered species,55 vulnerable species,18 near threatened species;(2)23 species belonged to the first class protection,53 to the second,11 to the third.(3)The endangered level and conservation priority classes varied significantly between our research and the lists of endangered plants,most plants were threatened more severely in Shegyla Mountains.
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Summary: Endangered species are often the focus of public attention partly because of their vulnerability to environmental changessuch as climate and land use changeand subsequently being at high risk of extinctions.Hencered lists of endangered species play anessential in nature conserva tion.Although several endangered butterfly species have been previously listed as endangered species by government and/or individuals in South Koreathese red listsrarely include reliable quantitative population data.This has led to endless and unproductive debates on the selection of endangered species.Following Korean butterfly atlaseswe assessed the population status of Korean endangered butterfly species whose distributions have been previously published. We hypothesized that these endangered species are rare and are decreasing in occurrence.We found that the decrease in occur rence is more important in determining endanger status than rarity.Using values of rarity and shifts in species occurrence we selected endangered species from the previously published endangered species.Only eight species of 20 previous endangered species were defined as endangered by this semi
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